【作者】 王晓梅；

【导师】 王明镇；

【作者基本信息】 山东科技大学 ， 矿产普查与勘探， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 古近系是世界环境演变的重要历史时期，我国古近系植物是在泛北极白垩纪植物群及南方热带、亚热带白垩纪植物群的基础上，在地质、地理条件不断发生剧烈变化的影响下发展、演变而来的。 本论文以古近系中晚期为研究时段，选择北方的华北、东北两大区系的三个地点四个剖面，即山西繁峙、吉林珲春和山东五图，参照现代植被，恢复这三个地区的古植被分布景观，定性的描述了古气候，尝试运用共存分析方法定性化的重建了三个地区的古气候参数值。通过对比其他相似孢粉植物群，探讨所选地区沉积时期的地质时代。 山西繁峙山羊沟孢粉化石经过鉴定、分析和统计，共有34余科，近70个属，100多种。剖面自下而上大致分为三个孢粉组合，组合一中被子植物占优势，一般平均占53％～61％，裸子植物花粉占总含量的39％～45％，蕨类植物孢子含量很少；组合二裸子植物花粉占绝对优势，平均含量占60％～80％，被子植物花粉与上一组合相比，其百分含量显著下降，仅占20％～50％，蕨类植物孢子含量不高。组合三被子植物粉略高或接近于裸子植物花粉的含量，一般为29％～53％，裸子植物花粉平均含量在22％～40％左右，蕨类植物孢子含量大增，最高可达58％，一般在11％左右。根据孢粉植物群特征，对比其它相似孢粉组合，山羊沟一、二孢粉组合地质时代接近于晚始新世——早渐新世。该剖面上部的第三孢粉组合，地质时代可归属于早渐新世 山西孢粉植物群的组成反映该地区在沉积时期为温暖的半湿润气候，植被组成落叶树种一般在40％左右，其中，栎、榆科、桦科、胡桃科等含量最显著。山地针叶林繁盛以松科和杉科为主，含量一般在40％以上。根据共存因子分析法，对选定的繁峙32种种子植物类群进行气候分析，得出7个气候参数的定量数值：年均温13.3-20.9℃，最热月均温22.5-27.5℃，最冷月均温1.9-12.6℃，年较差 山东州支大学硕士学位论文 详细摘要 12．：卜训，b℃，＜；：衡利贝797．个12分！．7；；；；；；，时人川阳利财！79．1一剜9．加n；，最小月 降雨 祖！02一2厂由。’。n0 挥着北山大庙刑m他粉组合中被于价物花粉大员高十棵于植物花粉，锻类拘 于含量很低，且不稳定（从 3．2～27．3％，平均为 11＄1e右），以水龙骨单缝池为主 （含量也不稳定，从 2．5～15．2地平均为 8％人右＼拥于植物花粉平均含量为 20～ 30凡 有的高达 40人被子植物在组合中占有优势，平均为 70儿 QUercojdl ies和 L7llllhOll。，］h。S M多，）L，全被子他物的半数，选定的评春北山大庙31 乔植物类 群进行气候分析，得出 7个气候参数的定量数值：年均温 13．320．gOC，最热月 均温 22．5－27．5℃．报冲力均温 2．卜 15．1℃，年较差 12．：卜24．8℃，年降雨量 797．5一比利．7：lllll，任人门附则说179．4一切9．h11；1，批小川附则中1（）2－21．2；lin。对 比从‘已相似地粉 纵合，W脊，惭IJ大庇 的三项目代州龛近＊始新世 贯主。 环在87七3钻孔他粉组合中被于植物花粉含里高于裸子植物花粉，械类抱子 含量很低，仅占2％，常见有水龙骨化和紫或地：裸于植物含量略低，垂向上分布 不稳定，从20～30％，有的高达38．l％，其中云杉（‘I‘均为10％，个别达20．79％） 和松粉厂平均为 10％，个别达 19．2们的含量在有些样品中含量很高，杉粉的含量 仅为5％／f右：被子植物在红l合中占有绝对优势，平均为70％～80死 在有些样品中 达＊．9％。对选定的环春a孔87一23剖m3＊种仪物类群 进行 （候 分析，得出7个 气攸参数的不傲数值：年均温13．：卜2（）．9℃，位热］1均温22．5－27．5℃，最冷月 均洲2．卜12．b℃，年较差！2．卜21．6℃，年物；七八1797．5一比51．7＊m，最大月降雨 量179．1－249．6m；n，励小月降l对最102－ZI．Zmn；。对比其它利I似地粉组合，浑春87－23 钻孔的地质时代交接近于始林LI。晚地。 山东h图含煤岩系地粉植物价分为两个组合，n图们含煤岩系的下部组合的 典型特点是榆科和杉科的高含量，被子植物占绝对优势，平均占60％左右，。裸子 植物次之，平均为30％左右，孩类花粉含量很少，平均含量仅3％。h图群含煤岩系 的上部组合的典型特点是高含量的DeltoidO3pora和杉科含量的降低以及 万pe尸ollenjlls含量的增加，被子植物花粉高于探一厂扭物花粉，含量分别为48．2～ 73．7％（平均为58．7％），flllg．5～30．9％（平均为28．9％），胶类地子10．53～36．8％ （且均为11．9％）。地区特点是wl协召）伽）订））；I）刃（人I人多；7IIS，w；。lpo伽O八OSSJj加fm为代更多还原

【Abstract】 The Palaeogene is a key stage of terrestrial environmental of the world. Chinese Palaeogene flora is developed on the basis of Cretaceous flora and Southern tropical subtropical Cretaceous flora and is influenced by violent and continual change of geology and geography. This thesis study the middle and late Palaeogene. Four sections of three stratigraphic locationses including Shanxi Fanzhi, Jilin Hunchun and Shandong Wutu in Northern China and Southern China were selected to reconstruct paleovegetation and palaeoclimate in the areas, based on palynological data. According to principle of the coexistence approach, seven quantitative paleoclimate parameters of each deposit areas were obtained by using meteorological data of the distribution area of extant taxa found each palynoflora in China. Through comparison of other similar palynoflora, the thesis discuss the geological ages of the chosen regions in the deposition time.The Fanzhi palynoflora contains 100 palynormophs belonging to 37 genera in 32 families, mostly subtropical elements, as well as temperateones. Three palynological assemblages are recognized according to the relative percentage of palynomorphs through section. Angiosperms dominated section one and the percentage of angiosperms is 53%~61%, gymnosperms 39%~45%. While section two was dominated by gymnosperms, the percentage of angiosperms is 20%~50%, gymnosperms 60%~80%. In section three the percentage of angiosperms is 29%~53%, gymnosperms is 22%~40%, the percentage of pteridophytes got higher in this section, average 11%, sometime up to 58%. According to the characteristics of palynofloras and compare other similar palynofloras, the geological age of the first and second assemblage is late Eocene to early Oligocene. The age of the third assemblage belong to Early Oligocene.Shanxi palynoflora reflect that at the deposition time the climate was warm and half-humid. The percentage of deciduous forest usual is 40% of the whole community, mainly Quercus, Ulmus, Betula and Juglans. The percentage of coniferous forest is over 40% mainly Taxodiaceae and Pinaceae.According to the coexistence approach, using 32 spermatophyte, seven paleoclimate parameters of Fanzhi estimated include MAT(13.3-20.9℃), WMT(22.5-27.5℃), CMT( 1.9-12.6℃), DT(12.3-24.6℃), MAP(797.5-1254.7mm), MMaP(179.4-249.6mm), MMiP(102-21.2mm).The palynoflora of Hunchun Beishan Damiao section consist ofangiosperms (average 70%), gymnosperms (average 20~30%, sometime 40%), pteridophytes (average 11%, changing from3.2% to 27.3% ), mainly Polypodiaceoisporites. Using 31 spermatophyte, seven paleoclimate parameters of Hunchun Beishan Damiao estimated include MAT (13.3-20.9℃), WMT(22.5-27.5℃), CMT(2.5-15.1℃), DT(12.3- 24.8℃), MAP(797.5-1254.7mm), MMaP(179.4-249.6mm), MMiP(102- 21.2mm). According to the characteristics of palynofloras and compare other similar palynofloras, the geological age of Hunchun Beishan Damiao is Middle Eocene.In Hunchun 87-23 Drills the percentage of angiosperms is higher than gymnosperms and the content of pteridophytes is very lower (2%), mainly Osmundacidites, Polypodiaceoisporites. The content of gymnosperms changed from 20% to 30%, the highest is 38.1%, mainly Picea (average 10%, the highest is 20.7%) and Pinus (average 10%, the highest is 19.2%). The content of Taxodiaceae is only 5%. The content of angiosperms was at absolute advantage, average 70%~80%, some samples high to 91.9%. using 34 spermatophyte, seven paleoclimate parameters of Hunchun 87-23 Drills estimated include MAT( 13.3-20.9℃), WMT(22.5-27.5℃), CMT (2.5-12.6℃), DT(12.3-24.6℃), MAP(797.5-1254.7mm), MMaP (179.4-249.6mm), MMiP( 102-21.2mm). According to the characteristics of palynofloras and compare other similar palynotloras, the geological age of Hunchun 87-23 Drills is Late Eocene.Shandong Wutu coal strata have two palynological assemblages. The typical characteristics of the below assemblage is high content of Taxodiaceae and Ulmaceae, And angiosperms dominated the assemblage, the average content of it更多还原