【作者】 王晓旭；

【导师】 徐勇；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 政治学理论， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 《中华人民共和国村民委员会组织法》颁行以后，在农村基层出现的以民主选举、民主决策、民主管理、民主监督为主要内容的村民自治，极大地改变了农村基层的政治生活，对农村基层政治体制的变革产生了深远影响。然而，这一进程在一定区域是如何发生的?在推进中呈现出些什么特点?这些特点又折射出些什么问题?本文以河南村民自治为例，对村民自治在特定区域的启动、发展进行了较为系统的描述和阐释。 河南村民自治的运作经历了四个阶段，第一个阶段是宣传试点，第二个阶段是稳步推进，第三个阶段是全面实施，第四个阶段是深化提高。通过四个阶段的描述，本文认为，特定区域村民自治的启动和发展同其历史、文化、传统紧密相联，也正是由于此，河南村民自治呈现外源性和依赖性，政府在村民自治推行中充当了重要的动员和教育角色，主导了村民自治工作的每一个环节，并确保了村民自治的持续发展，而作为自治主体农民的综合素质明显表现出不适应性，由于他们对村民自治认识的不确定性，致使自治主体农民在村民自治运行过程中呈现出被动性。尽管如此，河南村民自治在秘密划票间的设立、村民代表会议制度的建设、村民自治章程的制订、村务公开等方面还是形成了独特的制度创造。 本文把村民自治分为制度设计上的村民自治和现实中的村民自治两种，指出现实中的村民自治由于受特定区域历史、文化和传统的影响，与制度设计上的预设差异明显，造成这种现象的主要原因是，从主观上考察是由于自治主体农民没有成为现代意义上的“公民”，从客观上考察是由于个案地区传统文化的惯性，所谓小农经济肥沃的土壤里不可能诞生“民主自治”，而现实中又由于村委会的行政化和政府把村民自治作为组织农民的方式，使村民自治的自治功能受到极大的制约。文中认为现实中的村民自治缺乏实行的思想基础、社会基础和政治基础，自治功能不能发挥，自治本身的示范效用正在不断地产生变异，现实当中的村民自治没有成为实体，只是一种形式。 文章指出，现实中的村民自治主要是在行政权力这个外生变量主导下进行@硕士学位论文入认STER’Sfl ILSIS的，其更多地表现为新形势下政府对农村基层的一种治理方式，因此村民自治虽然包含一定的民主成分，但它还不是完全意义上的民主。所以在现行体制的大格局下，村民自治的推行应当考虑各种变量的作用，尤其是不同地域乡村社会的实际，稳步推进其现实过程。为此，必须在三个方面予以加强:一是不断强化农民的公民意识，积极培育自治力量，使村民自治成为真正的“民主自治’，;二是改革农村基层现行管理体制，改变村委会行政化倾向，使村民自治回归本位;三是从认识层面、政策层面、操作层面正确对待村民自治，全面规范现实中的村民自治，促使村民自治健康发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 After the Villagers’ Committee Organization Act of the People’s Republic of China was promulgated, there has appeared in the basic rural units the villagers’ self-government whose principal contents include democratic election, democratic policy-making, democratic administration and democratic supervision. It has greatly changed the political life in the basic rural units and has brought far-reaching influence to the transformation of political system in the basic rural units. But how did it happen in a certain area? What are the characteristics it has shown in its progress? And what questions do the characteristics reflect? This article based on the villagers’ self-government in Henan Province, tries to make a systematic description and explanation on the startup and progress of villagers’ self-government in a certain area.The operation of villagers’ self-government came through four stages. First was the propaganda and making experiments. Second, extending to a larger extent with steady steps. Third, carrying into an entire execution. Fourth, deepening and improving villagers’ self-government. By describing the four stages, the author believes, the startup and progress of the villagers’ self-government in a certain area was closely linked with the area’s history, culture and tradition. Therefore, the villagers’ self-government took on features of outside source and dependency. The government played such important roles as mobilization and education and led every stage of the villagers’ self-government and ensured the persistent development of villagers’ self-government. Nevertheless, the comprehensive qualities of the villagers, as the principal part of self-government, showed themselves inadaptability and passiveness in the operation of villagers’ self-government because their uncertainty about villagers’ self-government. Still, the villagers’ self-government in Henan Province engendered its unique systematic creation in the establishment of polling booth, the construction of villagers’ sovietsystem, the formulation of the villagers’ self-government constitution and the openness of village affairs.This thesis classifies the villagers’ self-government into two kinds: villagers’ self-government of systematic design (on the text level) and villagers’ self-government in reality. It points out that villagers’ self-government in reality is clearly different from that of pre-setting of systematic design. The main causes of this phenomenon are, observed subjectively, that the farmers themselves as the principal part of self-government have not become "citizens" in a modern sense, and that, observed objectively, the fertile land of so-called petty farmer economy can not give birth to "democratic self-government" because of the inertia of the traditions and cultures of the location. In reality the functions of villagers’ self-governing have been greatly restricted because of the administration tendency of villagers’ committee and the fact that the government takes the villagers’ self-government as a way of organizing the fanners That the villagers’ self-government in reality, the author thinks, is short of ideological, social, and political foundations. The self-governing functions cannot be brought into play. The demonstration effect of self-governing itself is engendering aberrance. The villagers’ self-government in reality has not become an entity, but only a kind of form.The villagers’ self-government in reality, the thesis points out, is carried out mainly under the domination of administration force-the outside variable and represents a kind of governing form by the government under new situations. Accordingly, the villagers’ self-government, though including some democracy elements, is not democracy of a complete sense. So under the general situation of present system, when pushing the villagers’ self-government, we should take the effects of all the variables into consideration, and steadily advance its progress especially in light of the reality of different rural societies. Therefore three aspe更多还原