【作者】 张蓉；

【导师】 李欣；

【作者基本信息】 扬州大学 ， 作物遗传育种， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 本试验通过对F₂无性系群体、DH群体以及大量品种RVA谱的测定，研究了RVA谱的分类、遗传以及RVA谱与稻米品质的相关关系，划分了食味品质各指标的RVA谱特征值的分布范围，探讨了不同环境因素对RVA谱的影响，并分析了稻米品质与产量的相关关系。主要结果如下： 1 RVA谱分为A～F六种类型。A型是糯稻品种的特征图谱，籼稻的特征图谱有B、C、E、F四种类型，粳稻的主要是D、E、F三种类型。 2 AAC与RVA谱特征值和食味品质的多数指标存在显著或极显著的相关关系。稻米的AAC不同，RVA谱则不同。稻米的AAC相同，RVA谱也有不同的表现。在低、中AAC类型中，RVA谱的差异能反映品种食味间的差异。一般食味好的BDV比食味差的要高，而SBV比食味差的要低。 3 不育系协青早A、珍汕97A和2个恢复系明恢63、559分别配成的4个杂交组合在RVA谱上表现出相同的特点。F₁的HPV、BDV、CPV、SBV、CSV、PeT均介于双亲之间，而PaT都低于低值亲本。这些特点表明了杂交稻米的品质改良要求不育系与恢复系的改良同步进行。 4 在F₂无性系群体中RVA谱各特征值呈连续变异。PKV是典型的由微效多基因控制的数量性状，HPV、BDV、CPV、SBV和CSV都可能是由一对主效基因和若干微效基因共同控制的。 5 除PKV外，RVA谱的其余特征值与食味品质的主要指标呈极显著相关。具有较低的HPV、CPV、SBV、CSV、PaT和较高的BDV，可能具有较好的柔软性、粘散性、滋味、冷饭质地和较高的食味综合评分。根据RVA谱特征值基本上能推断出稻米的食味品质。 6 除PKV和PeT外，RVA谱特征值与碾磨品质指标中的精米率、整精米率相关极显著，而与糙米率关系不密切。孙从谱特征值与外观品质指标中的透明度、至白率关系较紧密。透明度高、至白率低的品种的BDv高，CPv、SBv、CSv低，其食味品质可能较好:粒长、长宽比仅与PaT呈极显著的正相关。其余外观品质指标与孙从谱特征值间一般都不存在显著的相关关系。 7同一品种的稻米，有至白的比无至白的AAC要高，而GC的差异无一定的规律。除个别品种外，无至白比有至白的柳v、ePv、sBv、esv小，而snv大，说明有呈白的稻米易返生。里白对淀粉的糊化无明显影响，主要是影响其返生。 8 RVA谱特征值与蒸煮理化指标中的AAC、GC相关性极为密切。除PKV外，其余特征值均达到极显著水平，而与GT的相关性不明显。 9环境因素对稻米RVA谱有一定的影响。同一品种，海南种植的稻米RVA谱特征值比扬州种植的多数要高，并且同一杂交组合的不同基因型后代对异地种植影响的反应不同:不同年份及不同播期种植对稻米RVA谱的影响因品种而异，在多数特征值上，釉稻表现得比粳稻更敏感:贮藏期长会引起稻米RVA谱特征值中的BDV下降，SBV上升，米质变硬，品质变劣。 10三个蒸煮理化指标AAC、GC、ASV与有效穗数、结实率、千粒重都无显著的相关性，但是，GC、ASV与单株粒重呈显著和极显著的负相关;食味品质指标中的粘散性、滋味、异味、光泽与产量性状各指标的相关性都不显著，但单株粒重与柔软性、完整度、冷饭质地及综合评分间有显著负相关;RVA谱特征值中的PKV、BDV、PeT与产量性状各指标的相关性不明显，HPV、CPV、CSV也仅与个别指标相关明显。而RVA谱特征值中的SBV和产量指标中的有效穗数和单株粒重存在显著的正相关. 综合以上结果，说明选育高产优质的品种类型是有可能的，但是优质的某些指标与高产之间还存在一定的制约性。更多还原

【Abstract】 The classification and the inheritance of RVA profiles and the relationship between RVA profiles and rice quality were studied by determining RVA profiles of clonally propagated F2 population, DH population and many varieties. The distribution ranges were demarcated according to every index of eating quality of RVA profiles characteristics. And the relationship between rice quality and rice yield was analyzed in the end. The main results are as follows:1 There were A~F six types of RVA profiles. A type was feature profiles of waxy. Indica variety’s feature profiles included B,C,E and F types. Japonica variety’s mainly included D,E and F types.2 AAC was significantly correlated to RVA profiles characteristics and most eating quality indexes. RVA profiles of the rice varied with AAC, and there were differences among varieties with similar AAC. If the varieties with low or middle AAC, their RVA profiles characteristics could be used to evaluate their eating quality. In general, BDV of good eating quality variety was higher than that of bad one, on the contrary, SBV was lower than that of bad one.3 Four cross combinations made up of the CMS lines Xieqingzao A and Zhenshan 97A with 2 restorer lines Minghui 63 and 559, had the same aspects, respectively. HPV ,BDV, CPV, SBV, CSV, PeT of F1 were between those of its parents. PaT of F1 was lower than that of its parents. So the improvement of the quality of hybrid rice need the improvement of the CMS line and the restorer line together.4 In clonally propagated F2 population, all the characteristics of the RVA profiles had continuous variations. PKV was a typical quantitative character, while HPV, BDV, CPV, SBV and CSV, each might be controled by a major gene and several minor genes.5 Except PKV, other RVA profile characteristics had significant correlation with the main indexes of eating quality at 0.01 level. The correlation showed that the variety with lower HPV, CPV, SBV, CSV, PaT and higher BDV would have better hardness, adhesiveness, flavor, the texture character of cool rice and higher synthetic evaluation. Here ranges of Rice RVA profiles characteristics of different eating quality varieties were given. The eating quality could be concluded from RVA profiles characteristics.6 Except PKV and PeT, RVA profile’s characteristics had significant correlation with milled rice rate, head milled rice rate of the indexes on milling quality at 0.01 level, while brown rice rate had no significant correlation with RVA profile’s characteristics. RVA profile’s characteristics had a close relationship with translucency and chalkiness rate. If rice with high translucency and low chalkiness rate had high BDV, low CPV, low SBV and low CSV, their eating quality might be good. Grain length, grain length/width had significant correlation with PaT only. And other indexes of appearance quality had no significant correlation with RVA profile’s characteristics.7 To the same variety, AAC of the rice with chalkiness was higher than that without chalkiness’s. But to GC, there was no regular difference. Except few variety, HPV, CPV, SBV and CSV of other varieties with chalkiness were lower than ones of varieties with no chalkiness. Chalkiness had no obvious effect on the gelatinization, and mainly affected the retrogradation. The rice with chalkiness could easily retrograd.8 RVA profiles characteristics had significant correlation with AAC and GC. Except PKV, other characteristics had maximum significant correlation with AAC and GC. RVA profiles characteristics had no significant correlation with GT.9 All the environment factors had certain influence on rice RVA profile. RVA profile characteristics of one variety planted in Hainan were higher than those of the same variety planted in Yangzhou. The different genotypes from a cross combination, had different response to the environment factors. The effects of the different varieties planted in different years or on different sowing date on rice RVA profile was different Most characteristics of Indica were更多还原