【作者】 杨益花；

【导师】 冯惟珠； 苏祖芳；

【作者基本信息】 扬州大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 本试验以代表性品种迟熟中粳广陵香粳、香粳49和杂交中籼稻两优培九、25优6547、汕优63为材料，于2001～2002年在扬州大学农业部作物栽培生理实验室试验场进行，研究施氮量对水稻产量形成和N素吸收利用的影响。结果表明： 1．氮素对不同水稻品种产量的影响有差异。在本试验条件下，两粳型品种随施氮量的增加产量增加，以施氮量15kg/mu的处理产量最高；籼型品种，施氮量增加之初，产量随施氮量的增加而提高，10kg/mu产量最高，施氮量再增加，产量反而下降。 施氮量对产量结构的影响品种间存在差异。每亩穗数，粳型品种随施氮量增加而增加，杂交中籼稻则随施氮量的增加，达一定值后下降。每穗粒数，籼型品种随施氮量增加而增加，粳型品种在适宜的范围内随施氮量的增加而增加，超过一定值后不再增加。结实率，粳型品种高于籼型品种，三系杂交稻高于两系杂交稻，施氮量对结安率的影响籼型品种较粳型品种高。施氮量对千粒重的影响不明显。 2．干物质积累量，拔节期、抽穗期所有供试品种均随施氮量的增加而增加，籼型品种积累量高于粳型品种；而成熟期干物质积累量粳型品种随施氮量的增加而增加，籼型品种在施氮量增加到15kg/mu时干物质积累量下降。移栽至拔节期、拔节至抽穗期干物质积累量占总干物重的百分比籼型品种高于粳型品种，而抽穗至成熟期粳型品种高于籼型品种。拔节期、成熟期与抽穗至成熟期干物质积累量与产量呈极显著的直线相关关系，抽穗期与产量呈极显著的抛物线相关关系。 3．施氮量对土壤速效氮含量的影响因品种而异，抽穗前各品种随施氮量的增加而增加，成熟期两粳稻品种和汕优63土壤速效氮含量高于两优培九和25优6547。 4．植株含氮率随施氮量的增加而增加，随生育期推迟而下降。总吸氮量随施氮量增加而增加，拔节期、抽穗期吸氮量品种间变幅均较大，而其占总吸氮量的比例变扬州大学硕士学位论文 幅拔节期变幅大，变异系数为16.44%，而抽穗期变幅较小，仅为7.56%。拔节期和 抽穗吸氮量与产量呈极显著的正相关关系，成熟期吸氮量与产量呈抛物线相关，达 极显著水平。拔节至抽穗期的吸氮量随施氮量的增加而提高，其占总吸氮量的比例 在高产条件下(600kg/mu)各品种都有一适宜值。成熟期叶、茎鞘含氮量随施氮量 的增加占总施氮量的百分率增加，穗部含氮量随施氮量增加占总施氮量的百分率下 降。秸秆氮素转化率杂交中釉型品种较粳型品种高。 氮素生产力和氮素表观生产力随施氮量增加而降低，粳型品种较釉型品种高。当季氮素利用率施氮量少的较施氮量多的高，产量高的较低的高。杂交中釉稻利用率高于粳型品种。 5.提出了(抽穗期颖花量一土壤基础地力颖花量)/单位氮素产颖花量计算总施氮量的公式，丰富了水稻定量施肥的内容。 6.抽穗期上三叶的SPAD值随施氮量的增加增加，顶叶(展平叶)SPAD值拔节期、抽穗期较高，乳熟期开始下降，成熟期最低。相关分析表明，上三叶的SPAD值与叶的含氮率、吸.氮富均皇豆氰住相买哭氯剑叶sPAD值衰减率与产量呈显著或极显著的负相关关系，与结实率、千粒重呈显著或极显著正相关。更多还原

【Abstract】 The experiment was carried out during 2001-2002 in the experimental farm of crop cultivation and physiology key laboratory, Yangzhou University, with 5 typical varieties of rice, mid-season Japonica Guanglingxiangjing and Xiangjing 49, and mid-season Indica hybrid Liangyoupeijiu, 25 you 6547 and Shanyou 63. The effect of different amount of tiller N-fertilizer(ATNF) on yield formation of rice and nitrogen absorption and utilization was studied. The main results were as follows:1 . The effect of nitrogen on yield among varieties of rice were different. Under the condition of this experiment, the yield of Japonica increased with the increasing of ATNF, and the yield reached the maximum when the ATNF added to 15kg/mu. The yield of Indica reached the maximum when the ATNF added to l0kg/mu, and it would decline if we went on adding the ATNF.The effect of ATNF on yield structure among varieties were different.The penicle numbers of per mu of Japonica increased with the increasing of ATNF, mid-season Indica hybrid was something of Japonica, but when the ATNF arrived some value, penicle numbers of per mu would decline. Grain numbers perpanicle of Indica increased with the increasing of ATNF, Japonica increased with the increasing of ATNF under some suitable range, exceed some value the Grain numbers perpanicle would stop increasing. The setting percentage of Japonica were higher than Indica,and tri-line hybrid rice were higher than two-line hybrid rice, The effect of ATNF on penicle numbers on Indica were higher than Japonica. The effect of ATNF on 1000-grain weights were not obvious among varieties of rice.2.The accumulation of dry material increased with the increasing of ATNF during jointing and heading stage, furthermore Indica were higher than Japonica. The accumulation of dry material of Japonica increased with the increasing of ATNF during maturing stage, while which of Indica would decline when the ATNF reached 1 5kg/mu. The proportion of the accumulation of dry material in total dry weight of Indica were higher than Japonica during transplanting to jointing and jointing to heading stage, while the value of Japonica were higher than Indica during heading to maturing stage. There was significant linear correlation between the accumulation of dry material and yield during jointing heading and heading to maturing stage, but it appeared significantparabolic curve correlation during heading stage.3. The effect of ATNF on the concent of effective N in soil among varieties of rice were different The concent of effective N in soil increased with the increasing of ATNF before heading stage. At maturing stage the concent of effective N in soil of the two japonica and Shanyou63 were higher than the other two varieties.4. The rate of N-holding of plants increased with the increasing of ATNF,decIined with the prolonging of the spans of growth period.Total amount of N-absorption(ANA) increased with the ATNF increasing , and there were much variances during the jointing and heading stage. But the variation of the proportion in total ANA in jointing stage was more than that of heading stage, the coefficient of variation were 16.44% and 7.56%. ANA of plant in jointing and heading stage showed significant positive linear relationship with yield(P<0.01), but ANA in maturing stage showed a parabolic curve relationship with yield(P<0.01). ANA increased with the increasing of ATNF during jointing to heading stage,but different breeds had their own optimum proportion in total ANA under high yield condition. The content of N-holding in leafs and blade sheaths increased with the increasing of ATNF during maturing stage, but it declined in ears. The rate of nitrogen transformation in straw of Indica was higher than what of Japonica’ s. There were few variances of spikelets produce by per ni trogen in breeds during heading stage.Nitrogen productivity and nitrogen apparent productivity declined with the increasing of ATNF, and Japonica declined much more than Indica.Utilization of nitrogen in this season of littl更多还原