【作者】 胡艾国；

【导师】 龚世园；

【作者基本信息】 华中农业大学 ， 水产养殖， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 以水簇箱作为寄生后培育用具，从钩介幼虫存活时间、活动能力、对宿主鱼鳃上寄生数量、中途夭折率、稚蚌脱落数量和脱落率等方面综合研究了绢丝丽蚌钩介幼虫的寄生能力。结果表明：在10±1℃时，自然存放于水簇箱中的钩介幼虫最长能存活31d；搅动下，最长能存活29d。随排放天数增加，钩介幼虫存活率下降。排放1-2d，存活率均为100％。从第3d起，自然存放的存活率比搅动下高，搅动下的存活率至第9d下降为48.9％，自然存放的存活率直至第20d仍为53％。成熟排放的钩介幼虫双壳张开，能启闭自如，3min平均启闭壳次数和最高启闭壳次数随排放天数增加呈逐渐减少的趋势：第1d平均启闭壳12.75次，最高启闭壳达25次；至第7d平均启闭壳1.80次，最高启闭壳次数仅为4次；至第8d，检测的活钩介幼虫启闭壳次数为0。随排放天数的增加，5种鱼鳃上钩介幼虫的寄生数量呈逐渐减少的趋势，同一天排放的钩介幼虫对5种鱼鳃上寄生数量差异较大。第1d寄生数量大小依次为草鱼、鳙、鲫、黄颡鱼、鲢；第2-7d寄生数量大小依次为：草鱼、鲫、鳙、黄颡鱼、鲢；自第8d起，寄生数量大小依次为：鲫、草鱼、鳙、黄颡鱼、鲢。钩介幼虫能寄生到5种鱼鳃上的最长时间为：鲫17d，鳙、草鱼、黄颡鱼11d，鲢8d。钩介幼虫寄生30d、60d、90d后的夭折率均随钩介幼虫排放天数的增加呈逐渐增大的趋势。同一天寄生的同一种鱼，寄生后经30d、60d、90d，夭折率也逐渐增大，但30d夭折率约占90d夭折率的80％。同一天寄生的5种鱼经30d、60d、90d夭折率也不同。 钩介幼虫寄生后约经90d开始变态发育成稚蚌，稚蚌脱落时水温10±1℃，约持续22d全部脱落完毕，各箱开始脱落及脱落完毕时间基本一致。第1d寄生的稚蚌脱落数量高峰出现在稚蚌出现后的第5d，第2d寄生的高峰出现在第6d，第3-7d寄生的高峰依次顺延1-2d。稚蚌脱落数量和脱落率随钩介幼虫排放天数增加呈逐渐减少的趋势。在第1-3d，鲫鳃上钩介幼虫的脱落数量分别为1.1只，0.8只，0.5只，脱落率分别为0.36％，0.27％，0.20％；鲢鳃上钩介幼虫的脱落数量分别为18.3只，2.6只，1.6只，脱落率分别为17.26％，13.00％，10.00％；鳙鳃上钩介幼虫的脱落数量分别为27.1只，18.5只，12.9只，脱落率分别为7.13％，6.56％，5.33％；草鱼鳃上钩介幼虫的脱落数量分别为190.3只，136.9只，57.6只，脱落率分别为30.11％，26.33％，18.11％；黄颡鱼鳃上钩介幼虫的脱落数量分别为101.6只，70.8只，37.2只，脱落率分别为61.21％，55.31％，32.07％。钩介幼虫排放第7d仍能寄生到鲫、鳙、草鱼、黄颡鱼鳃上并发育为稚蚌，但脱落数量和脱落率均较小。鲢自寄生第7d、鲫自第8d就不能发育为稚蚌。更多还原

【Abstract】 By cultivating the host-fishes in aquariums, we studied the parasitic capability of glochidia of Lamprotula fibrosa from the survival time, capability of activity, parasitic number in the host-fishes’ gills, abortion rate, dropping number of the larva mussels and the dropping rate. The results showed: At the temperature of 10 1 , the glochidiim which existed naturally in the aquariums could survive for 31 days by far. And with agitation, the time was 29 days. The survival rates of glochidium descended with the enhancement of dropping days. 1-2 days after dropping, the survival rate was 100%. From the beginning of the third day, the survival rate of natural existence was higher than that of agitation. The survival rate descended to 48.9% at the ninth day under agitation, while that of natural existence was 53% at the twentieth days. The dropped glochidium’ shells opened and closed freely. The average opened and closed number and the highest opened and closed number decreased with the increment of dropped days: The average opened and closed number was 12.75 at the first day, and the highest opened and closed number was 25. While at the seventh day , the numbers were 1.80 and 4. At the eighth day, the opened and closed number of the living glochidium was 0. With the increment of dropped days, the number of glochidium in the gills of five species offish decreased. The parasitic number of dropped glochidium in the same day was obviously different. At the first day, the parasitic number of the Ctenopharyngodon idellus was most, and the following were Aristichthys nobilis, Carassius auratus, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix. From the second day to the seventh day, the parasitic number of the Ctenopharyngodon idellus was most and the following were Carassius auratus, Aristichthys nobilis, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix. After the eighth day, the parasitic number of the Carassius auratus was most, and the following were Ctenopharyngodon idellus, Aristichthys nobilis, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix. The longest time that the glochidium can parasite in the gills of the five species of fish were: Carassius auratus:\l days, Ctenopharyngodon idellus, Aristichthys nobilis and Pelteobagrus fulvidraco: 11 days, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix: 8 days. The abortion rate of glochidium after 30 days, 60 days and 90 days parasitic increased with the increment of days, and the abortion rate of the same specie of fish with the same parasitic day increased after 30 days, 60 days and 90 days. But the abortion rate of 30 days occupied 80% of the 90 days. The five species of fish with the same paratisic day were different also after 30 days, 60 days and 90 days.The glochidium grew to juveniles according anomaly after 90 days parasitic. At the temperature of 10 1 , the juveniles began to drop and it continued 22 days before all the glochidium dropped. Every aquarium was in the same dropping time in the main from the beginning to the last. The climactic dropping time of the juveniles of the first day parasitic was the fifth day after the juveniles appeared, and the climactic dropping time of the juvenilesof the second day parasitic was the sixth day. The climactic dropping time of the third day to the seventh day lagged about 1-2 days. The dropping number and dropping rates of juveniles decreased with the increment of the dropping days of glochidium. From the first day to the third day, the dropping number and dropping rates of glochidium in the gills of Carassius auratus are 1.1, 0.8, 0.5 and 0.36, 0.27, 0.20; and that of Aristichthys nobilis are 18.3, 2.6, 1.6 and 17.26, 13.00, 10.00; and that of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix are 27.1, 18.5, 12.9 and 7.13, 6.56, 5.33; and that of Ctenopharyngodon idellus are 190.3, 136.9, 57.6 and 30.11, 26.33, 18.11; and that of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco are 101.6, 70.8, 37.2 and 61.21, 55.31, 32.07. 7 days after dropping, the glochidium can still parasite in the gills of Carassius auratus, Aristichthys nobilis, Ctenopharyngodon idell更多还原