【作者】 张黎；

【导师】 钱会；

【作者基本信息】 长安大学 ， 水文学及水资源， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 银川盆地地处西北干旱地区，水资源贫乏，生态环境脆弱。近年来，随着国民经济的发展和人口的不断增加，对水资源的需求量日益增加，水资源短缺已成为银川盆地社会经济发展的重要制约因素。此外，由于在盆地的水资源开发利用中缺乏环境保护意识和科学管理，以及水资源开发模式的不合理，已经引发了一系列生态环境负效应。因此，结合盆地的总体发展规划，从社会、经济和环境等方面对盆地的水资源进行研究，建立水资源优化配置模型，使得水资源开发利用与社会经济和生态环境协调发展，是银川盆地水资源合理开发利用中的一个重大课题。 对一个地区的水资源进行优化配置的前提是查清该地区的水资源总量。银川盆地的地表水资源可利用量是清楚的，但对地下水资源至今还未进行过系统全面的评价。因此本文在对银川盆地的自然地理和社会经济概况进行概述的基础上，分析、论述了盆地的水文地质条件，采用均衡法对盆地的地下水资源进行了评价，并计算了天然补给资源量、可开采资源量。银川盆地潜水水质较差，易污染，一般不适于工业和城市生活供水；而承压水水质较好，水量大，不易污染，是工业和城市生活供水的理想开采层；银川盆地的地下水资源比较丰富，地下水资源总量为21.1814x10~8m~3／a，可开采资源量为16.4967x10~8m~3／a。 论文通过对银川盆地水资源开发利用现状及存在问题的分析，指出盆地内的地表水资源主要是引用黄河水进行农田灌溉，地下水资源虽然整体开采程度较低，但由于缺乏合理规划，局部地区的地下水已经超采。银川盆地在水资源开发利用中所存在的主要问题是：对于地表水和地下水、城市用水和农业灌溉用水以及生态用水等缺乏合理规划，造成了水资源的浪费以及土壤盐渍化问题的发生；同时，由于工业“三废”的大量排放以及农药、化肥的广泛使用，使地下水不同程度地污染，而且污染程度和范围有逐年加大的趋势；无论是农业用水还是工业用水，浪费现象都十分严重，用水技术落后，单方水的工农业产值相对较低。 针对银川盆地水资源开发利用中所存在的问题，本着水资源可持续开发利用及社会、经济、环境协调发展的总体目标，按照地表水地下水联合开发、改善生态环境、节约用水、提高用水效益的原则，在对银川盆地按行政区划进行分区的基础上，建立了盆地水资源的优化管理模型。根据模型的运行结果，直到2020年，在总用水量未超过区内水资源允许使用量的前提下，盆地内的地下水开采量呈增长趋势，而地表水引用量则呈下降趋势，这不但有利于银川盆地生态环境的改善，保持当地社会经济的可持续发展，而且对于解决黄河断流问题也有重要的意义。以此为基础，论文最后提出了银川盆地水资源可持续开发利用与社会、经济及生态环境协调发展的对策与措施。更多还原

【Abstract】 Yin-chuan basin is situated in arid areas of northwestern China, the water resources there is scarce and eco-environment is vulnerable. With the development of economy and increase of population, the demand for water resources in the basin increases progressively. Water shortage has been an important factor affecting the development of society and economy in Yin-chuan basin. Furthermore, because of the lack of environmental protection and scientific management in the exploitation of water resource, as well as the unreasonable exploitation pattern, some eco-environmental problems have been occurred. Therefore, in combination of the whole development plan of the basin, exploiting the water resources in accordance with the society, economy and environment, setting up the optimized water resource development model, making the exploitation of water resources and the development of society and economy in a harmonized mode are several momentous tasks in the reasonable exploitation of water resources in Yin-chuan Basin.The premise of optimizing the development of water resources in a region is making a thorough assessment its amount. The amount of surface water in Yin-chuan basin is clear, but up to now, the groundwater resource in the basin has never been thoroughly assessed. Therefore, on the basis of brief summarization of geography, society and economy of Yin-chuan basin, the hydrogeological condition was stated and analyzed, the groundwater resource was assessed using balancing method. Results showed the quality of phreatic water in Yin-chuan basin is bad and can be easily contaminated, it is not suitable for water supply of industry and living. While the quality of confined groundwater is good and not easy to be polluted, it is the ideal supply water for industry and living. The groundwater resource in Yin-chuan basin is relatively rich, the total amount of groundwater in the basin is 21.4456x108m3/a, the exploitable amount of groundwater in the basin is 16.4967x108m3/a.Through the analysis of development status of water resources and expoitation problems, the paper pointed out the surface water resource in Yin-chuan basin is Yellow river water mainly used for agricultural irrigation. Although the development degree of groundwater in the basin is low, but because of lack of reasonable plan, the groundwater in some areas has already been over-exploited. Problems existing in the development of water resources in Yin-chuan basin are: Surface water, groundwater, water for city use and water for agriculture use as well as water for ecological use are not reasonably programmed, leading to the waste of water resources and occurrence of salted soil. At the same time, because of the large amount drainage of wasted water, solids and gas as well as the comprehensive use of chemical fertilizer, the groundwater was polluted in different degree, the range and extent of the pollution have a tendency to increase yearly. Whether the water is used in industry or in agriculture, the wasteof water is very serious, the technology of water usage is slow, and the production value of water is low.According the problems existing in the development of water resources in Yin-chuan basin, aimed at sustainable exploitation of water resources and harmoniously development of society, economy and environment, the optimized water resource use and management model was set up based on the rules of combined use of surface water and groundwater, improving the eco-environment, saving the use of water and elevating production value of water use. The calculated results of the model indicated that from year 2000-2020, the groundwater usage keeps a tendency of increase, while the amount of water introduced from Yellow river is decreasing. This result is not only in favor of improving the eco-environment of Yin-chuan basin, keeping the sustainable development of society and economy, but also play an important role in solving the problem of drying up of Yellow river in downstream areas. On the basis of this, countermeasures for sustainable wa更多还原