【作者】 汪鲁兵；

【导师】 张亮；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工程大学 ， 流体力学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 本文在总结和研究竖轴可调角直叶水轮机水动力性能计算的现有数学模型，计算方法和实验结果的基础上，运用最优化理论，给出了改善和提高该种水轮机能量利用率的一种优化方法，建立了数学模型，并得到了计算结果。目的是比较和研究各种计算方法应用于该种水轮机的可靠性、并探索新型水轮机水动力机理，为潮流水轮机的选型、水动力性能设计以及潮流电站的总体设计奠定基础。 首先分析了竖轴可调角直叶水轮机水动力性能计算的基本公式，介绍了诱导速度的两类计算方法。一是根据动量定理的流管模型得到的求解诱导速度的单盘面—单流管方法(SDST)、双盘面—单流管(DDST)方法、多流管(MTT)方法；二是根据势涡理论得到的求解诱导速度的的涡方法(VTTH)。 然后以竖轴可调角直叶摆线式水轮机为例，计算了这种水轮机的各种水动力性能，给出了数值计算结果，对各种方法进行了分析并与已有的试验结果进行了比较和研究，从而检验了各种理论计算方法的优缺点和可靠性。这为直叶摆线式水轮机的水动力性能设计计算以及本文优化方法的实现奠定了可靠的基础。 最后以竖轴直叶摆线式水轮机为优化原型，提出了一种水轮机水动力性能的优化计算方法，建立了数学模型，运用共轭梯度法进行优化设计，以提高水轮机的能量利用率为目标，给出了优化的叶片攻角变化规律、能量利用率结果，探讨了能量利用率提高的原因。更多还原

【Abstract】 A hydrodynamic optimal method to enhance the energy conversion coefficient of the vertical-axis variable-pitch turbine is presented in this paper based on the analysis of the existing mathematical models ,on the computational methods for predicting the hydrodynamic performance of turbines and on the available experimental results. By applying mathematical optimal theory, a mathematical model for optimizing the hydrodynamic attack angle of the blades of turbines is formulated and some numerical results are obtained as well. Much attention is focused on the comparison and studying of the reliability of the different methods when applied to this kind of turbine and focused on the probing into the hydrodynamic mechanism of the new optimized turbine. All of these is the important base of the selecting of turbines, the designing of hydrodynamics performance, and the general designing of marine currents power plant.At first an analysis of the basic principles of the vertical-axis variable-pitch turbine is given including two methods to calculate the induced velocity. One is the three different streamtube-methods which are single-disk single-streamtube (SDST), double-disk single-streamtube (DDST) and multi-streamtube (MTT) method based on the momentum theory, the other is the vortex method (VTTH) based on the potential eddy theory.Then as a typical example some results drawn by using the introduced methods of the vertical-axis cycloid turbine are given and compared with the experimental data. The purpose is focus on the validation of the introduced methods what are the foundations of the hydrodynamic performance calculation and the optimal method.At last with the prototype of the vertical-axis cycloid turbine, the optimal method and its mathematical model based on conjugate gradient method are presented in order to enhance the energy conversion coefficient. Such optimal results as the energy conversion and the relation between attack angle and azimuth angle are given with particular analysis to sum up the reason of the improved performance of the turbine.更多还原