【作者】 熊伟；

【导师】 戴志中；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 建筑设计及其理论， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 仿生学是生物学、数学和工程技术学相互渗透而结合成的一门新兴的边缘科学。人类利用仿生学在建筑、电子、机械、化学、体育等各学科领域都取得了丰富成果。随着现代工程技术的发展，学科分支繁多，仿生学的应用范围更加广阔。 在建筑创作中运用仿生学古已有之，经过数千年的发展至今已成为一种新时代潮流，也是建筑文化的新课题。为了启发建筑合理创新，以及使城市环境达到生态平衡和持续发展，建筑仿生学是一种重要手段。 建筑仿生学是根据自然生态与社会生态规律，并结合建筑科学技术特点而进行综合应用的科学，它有着自己的研究对象、范围和方法。根据创作领域的不同，建筑仿生学的主要研究内容包括：建筑造型仿生，建筑结构仿生，建筑功能和能源利用及材料利用仿生等方面。建筑仿生学的应用范围很广，从城市总体到单体建筑，从居住环境到材料都可涵盖。 建筑造型仿生注重自然形态美带给人类在建筑形态创造方面的启示；建筑结构仿生通过对经过自然选择的生物体的特殊构成结构——如纤维、植物的茎杆、动物的骨骼等的研究，运用到建筑结构设计中，是结构创新的重要途径；建筑功能仿生注重研究生物体的“有机统一性”特点，通过对生物体内部机能如新陈代谢和神经系统等方面的模仿来组织建筑功能或指导建筑和城市及其环境的发展；建筑的能源和材料利用仿生则通过深入了解生物体利用能源和材料的方法和过程，并结合物理、化学、电子等各学科的成果创造出新的能源和材料利用方式。 运用仿生学来指导建筑创作意义重大，这能使建筑与环境的关系如同生物体与自然环境的关系一样成为互相适应的大整体中的一部分，可以预言，未来的城市将是仿生与生态的城市。更多还原

【Abstract】 Bionics is a new developing frontier science permeating and combine biology, mathematics and engineering studies. Mankind utilizes bionics in building, electron, machinery, chemistry, sports, etc. and makes abundant achievement in those areas. Along with the development of modern engineering, the branch of discipline is various; the range of application of bionics is wider.Use bionics anciently in the building is created, has already become a kind of new tendency of the day so far after thousands of years of development, It is a new subject of the culture of the building too. In order to inspire the building to innovate rationally and make the urban environment reach the ecological balance and develop continuously, Bio-architecture is a kind of important means.Bio-architecture is according to the natural ecology and social ecological law, and combines the science that the scientific and technical characteristic of the building carry on integrated application; it has his own research object, range and method. According to the difference of the field, the main research contents of building bionics include: bionic of architecture out-look, bionic of architecture structure, bionic of function of building and utilization of energy and material in a bionic way and etc. The application of bio-architecture is in a very large range, overall to the single building from the city, Can contain from living environment to material.Bionic of architecture out-look pay attention to the enlightenment of beauty of nature bring to mankind; Bionic of architecture structure pass to undergo special composition structure of organism of natural selection -For instance the research of the stem pole of the fiber, plant, skeleton of the animal, etc., and apply them to the structure design of architecture, It is an important way to structure innovates; Bionic of architecture function pay attention to studying the characteristic of organic unity" of the organism , Through function imitation of nature such as metabolism and nervous system,etc. we get many useful ideal to urban and architecture development; The bionic of utilize of energy and material through understanding the organism utilizes energy and material method in depth, Combine with physics, chemistry, electron,etc, every achievement of discipline create new energy and material utilizing way.It is of great significance to use bionics in architecture creation, it can make architecture and relating environment become a part of whole of co-adaptation organism just like the natural environment. It can be prophesied that the city in the future will be bionic and ecological city.更多还原