基于数学形态学的遥感影像道路提取

【作者】 王耀革；

【导师】 王光霞； 朱长青；

【作者基本信息】 中国人民解放军信息工程大学 ， 地图制图学与地理信息工程， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 随着空间技术和信息技术的飞速发展，高分辨率遥感卫星已可以为人类提供高清晰度、大容量的遥感卫星影像，从遥感影像中提取目标信息已成为空间信息更新的重要手段，并且已广泛的应用于国民经济生产和军事目标侦察领域。因此，研究从遥感影像提取目标特别是线性目标是十分必要的。本文基于数学形态学研究了遥感影像的线性目标的提取特别是道路的提取。 数学形态学是一门应用数学分支，它基于形态特征和结构元素有效地研究物体的空间结构。在图象和信号处理、测绘等领域，数学形态学得到了广泛的应用。基于数学形态学，利用高分辨率卫星遥感影像，本文主要提出了如下模型和算法： (1) 建立基于灰度Top—hat运算和灰度膨胀的影像增强模型和算法； (2) 建立基于形态除去算子和其它算子的高分辨率遥感影像山区道路等线性目标的自动提取模型和算法； (3) 建立基于灰度形态学的形态特征分割及在此分割基础上的高分辨率遥感影像城区道路网络的提取模型和算法。 实验表明，本文提出的模型和算法具有好的结果。采用的方法，是基于高分辨率遥感影像的GIS数据捕捉的一种潜在的发展方向。这对于GIS数据更新尤其是对于特征变化很快的城市地区的数据更新十分重要。提出的方法可用于许多领域，如地图自动化、汽车导航等等。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapidly development of space techniques and information techniques, the high resolution remote sensing satellite can supply human with the digital images of high accuracy and large capability. Target extraction from remotely sensed images has become the important means of the space information updating, and has been used extensively in the national economic production and martial target detection. Hence it is very necessary to extract targets especially line targets from remotely sensed images. This paper studies the extraction of line targets such as roads from remotely sensed images based on mathematical morphology.Mathematical morphology is an applied mathematical branch for the quantitative analysis of spatial structures efficiently based on concepts of shape and structural element. Mathematical morphology has been applied to image, signal processing and geomatics et al. for many applications.Based on mathematical morphology and high-resolution satellite remotely sensed images, this paper developed the following models and algorithms:(1) Developed an approach to strengthen the target’s features based on morphological Top-hat operation and gray dilation;(2) Presented a developed approach to extract line targets especially roads automatically from high-resolution remotely sensed images for mountain areas based on a new morphological operation - removal operator and other operations.(3) Built an algorithm of morphological feature segment, and developed an approach to extract road network of urban areas from high-resolution remotely sensed images.The assessment results indicate that the proposal approach is efficient for extracting line targets from remotely sensed images. The developed method leads to a potential development direction for GIS data capture based on the high-resolution satellite images. This is very important for the GIS data updating, particularly for those urban areas where ground features change rapidly. The approaches can be applied to other fields, such as automatic mapping, extracting roadwork for car navigation and many more.更多还原