初中生自我概念发展与家庭环境关系的城乡比较研究

【作者】 陈衍；

【导师】 陈庆良；

【作者基本信息】 贵州师范大学 ， 基础心理学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 从过去的研究中发现初中生自我概念的发展是一动态的过程，并非直线性的发展。本研究作为一项城乡比较研究，除了验证初中生自我概念的这一发展特征之外，将从亲子关系，父母养育方式和家庭功能特征三个主要家庭因素来着手分析初中生自我概念发展及其与家庭环境的相互关系。通过对1050名城乡初中生进行问卷调查，初步的研究结果显示： 1．初中生自我概念发展呈U型发展模式，初二年级处于最低点，同时，初中生自我概念的发展反映了性别和城乡方面的差异。 2．在自我概念发展与家庭环境的相互关系方面，亲子关系中的积极因素与个体自我概念呈正相关，消极因素与自我概念呈负相关。与父亲的亲子关系对城乡的初中生自我概念的影响基本一致，城市初中生与母亲的亲子关系对其自我概念的影响更为全面；父母教养方式中，父母因子“情感温暖与理解”与个体自我概念的发展呈正相关，父母因子中“惩罚、严厉”，“过分干涉”，“拒绝、否认”与个体自我概念发展呈负相关，与城市初中生相比，农村学生的“母亲偏爱”与其自我概念呈正相关。家庭功能上，个体自我概念的发展水平与“实际亲密度”，“实际适应度”达到显著的正相关水平。 3．对城乡初中生的自我概念分别做总体回归，进入回归方程的家庭环境各变量各不相同。能有效预测农村初中生自我概念发展的家庭环境变量有：亲子关系中的“对母亲的感谢”，“脱离母亲的精神独立”，父母教养方式中的父亲“情感温暖与理解”，父亲“过分干涉”，母亲“惩罚、严厉”和母亲“偏爱被试”几项指标；能有效预测城市初中生自我概念发展的家庭环境变量有：父母教养方式中父母亲“情感温暖与理解”，父亲“过分干涉”，母亲“拒绝、否认”；亲子关系中“对父亲的感谢”，“来自母亲思维方式的影响”，“作为人生楷模的母亲”和家庭功能关系中实际适应度和理想亲密度。更多还原

【Abstract】 It is found from the past research that the development of self-concept of middle school students is not a linear development, but a dynamic process. As a comparative research between urban and rural areas, the present study, investigating 1,050 students in rural and urban areas, analyze the mutual relations between the development of self-concept of middle school student and the family circumstances based on three major family factors, which are parents-child relationship, parenting style and family function, besides validating the development trends of the development of self-concept of middle school students. The research results show:1. The development of self-concept of middle school student is a development mode of U model, which is at its lowest point in the second year of middle school. At the same time, the development of self-concept of middle school students reflects the difference of sex and the aspect of urban and rural areas.2. On the aspect of the mutual relation between the development of self-concept and family circumstance, the relation between the positive factors of parents-child relationship and the development level of self-concept is toward direct ratio, the relation between the negative factors of parents-child relationship and the development level of self-concept is toward inverse ratio. From father’s angle in the parents-child relationship, the influence on the development self-concept of middle school student in urban or rural area is basically the same; from mother’s angle in the parents-child relationship, the influence on the development of self-concept of middle school student is more comprehensive than that in rural areas; On the aspect of the parenting style, the relation between emotional-warmth and the development of self-concept is toward direct ratio, the relation between punishment, sternness, overprotection, rejection, denial and the development of self-concept is toward inverse ratio. Compared with urban students, the relation between mother’s favouring subject of rural students their development of self-concept is toward direct ratio. On the aspect of family function, the relation between the development level of self-concept and the degree of actual intimacy, the degree of actual adaptation is toward distinctive direct ratio.3. After making a general and separate regression to self-concept of both urban and rural middle school students, we will find the variables related to the family circumstance of regression equation are different, the variables which can validly predict the family circumstance of the development of self-concept of rural middle school students is as follows: " appreciation toward parents", "spiritual independence aloof from mother";"emotional-warmth" and "overprotection" from the father’s angle in the parents-child relationship; " punishment and sternness", "favouring subject" from the mother’s angle in the parents-child relationship. The variables which can validly predict the family circumstance of the development of self-concept of urban middle school students are as follows: on the aspect of parenting style, " emotional-warmth ", "rejection and denial" from mother’s angle; " overprotection" from father’s angle; on the aspect of parents-child relationship, " appreciation toward father", " influence derived from mother’s thinking mode", " mother as a life model"; actual adaption and perfect degree of intimacy related to family function.更多还原