学校改革策略问题之研究

【作者】 刘朋；

【导师】 吴志宏；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 教育经济与管理， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 在改革时代，学校几乎连续不断地被要求改革，或在一定环境要求下试图推行改革。然而，实践表明：真正推行改革而又取得成功的学校并不多见。学校改革缺乏成效是一个相当普遍的现象。这种现实耐人寻味。显然，根本原因不在改革本身，教育宏观体制与学校微观实践之间需要一个切入点。从某种意义上讲，学校改革实践成败在很大程度上取决于它是否有正确的改革理论指导，并采取相应的改革策略。全文共分为四部分，主要是： 第一部分——绪论。在明确教育改革是学校改革上位概念基础上，我们通过剖析一系列学校改革相关概念，明确其内涵特征，从而为全文奠定必要的基点。“学校需要适应环境，但它还必须成为社会中一个创造性和挑战性的因素。因为与其他任何组织相比，学校更多地代表着未来”；我们有必要去选择学校改革策略，进而提出学校改革策略的研究方法和研究框架。在这里，需要指出的是：本文所采用的“学校改革”与“教育改革”意义基本上趋于一致，只不过是着眼点不同而已；采用前者目的在于强调本文的立足点在于“学校”，从而为下述内容做必要的铺垫。 第二部分——借鉴与分析：国外学校改革策略分析。从美国学校组织变革模型出发，探讨了学校组织变革的五方面：领导者角色定位问题、学校相关人员的参与关系、学校人事发展新规划、建立非直线型课程体系以及组合学校各子系统，进而明确对美国学校组织改革的思考。 第三部分——现实与挑战：我国学校改革策略的选择?众所周知，在当前社会主义市场条件下，寻找市场经济中政府行为的一般规律，促进政府行为良性发展，是我国当前学校改革策略选择的关注焦点，更是现实必须解决的问题。现代教育发展是在政府和市场的矛盾运动中向前推动的，两者之间应有个“度”。因此，着眼于当前学校改革过程中种种新变化，寻求这个“度”。本文借助两个个案，以政府职能转变和学校自主发展为视角，明确影响学校改革因素，进而提出学校改革策略的选择问题。 第四部分——结论：构建学校改革策略模式。在把握学校与社会发展关系基础上，努力探寻学校改革主题——以人为本主题；从我国学校改革现状出发，依据国外学校改革经验，最终对学校改革发展方向进行展望，构建出学校改革策略的一种模式，从而成为我们分析当前学校改革问题一种方法；同时，我们明确采用该模式应注意的问题，进而根据其提出该课题的后续工作——(1)转型时期的学校风险与管理研究；(2)社会主义市场经济条件下的学校竞争优势研究。 总而言之，本文通过全面审视我国学校改革，明确学校无疑需要改革，但它又需要秩序。应付挑战的实质在于使基础教育体系形成一种能适应不断变化的社会机制，从而能解除或控制基础教育与社会发展需要之间和基础教育内部发展的不平衡。学校改革要有利于建立更合理秩序。更多还原

【Abstract】 At modern times, schools are almost continuously required to do reforms, or try to carry out reforms in need of some certain situations. However, it’s true that there are few schools that carry out reforms and success in practice. Many reforms in school have no effect. That deserves to be thought over in depth. Obviously, we cannot contribute it to school reforms. It requires a combined point between macroscopically education system and microcosmic school practices. In a way, the success in school reforms depends on to a large extent whether there is correct directive theory and whether the reform strategies are carried out. This is to say, the problems we try to solve are the theme and operating rules of school reform.This discourse includes four parts:The first part is preface. After making sure that "school reform" is the sub-conception of "education reform", the thesis analyzed a series of conceptions related to school reform and then make the basic point of the thesis. "School need to adopt to the environment and must be an element that full of creation and challenge in the society. Because it represents the future more than other organizations do." So it’s necessary to choose the strategies of school reform and then put forward the study structure and method of school reform. In spite of the same meaning between "school reform" and "education reform", their basis is different, the first underlining the importance of the school.The second part is "Reality: understanding the strategies of school reforms in American. " The part shows the Model of school reform in American, making sure five parts of school reform which is the roles of the leaders , the relation of school staff, the plan of school staff development, the non-line curriculum system and the formation of all school subsystem. In short, we obtain the human-based theme of school reforms from it.The third part is "challenge: how to choice the strategies of school reforms in China. " As is well known, the focus of school reform in Socialism Market Economic is to find the working mechanism of the government. From the viewpoint of the transformation of governmental function and school development, the thesis makes certain the courses that influences school reform and then puts forward a problem about selecting the strategies of school reform by Case study.The forth part is "conclusion : building up the Model of school reform strategy". Based on understanding the relation between school and social development, this part investigates the theme and motivation of school reforms. Based on the present condition of school reforms in China and the experience of school reforms in American, the thesis overlooks the development of school reforms. Based on the first three parts, the thesis constructs a model of school reform, which is an approach to analyze the problems in school reforms. Meanwhile, we realize the problems need to be noted in applying this Model, and then put forward the following works of the program. These are: i .Study on risk management in school during society transformation’, ii .Study on the superiority of competition in school in market economy socialism.In short, the author makes sure that it’s no doubt that school needs both reform and order by examining school reforms in China. The essence of dealing with challenge is to make the basic education system in China a mechanism that fits for the continually changing society, which can control the unbalance between basic education and the need of social development and that in basic education. School reform should make for forming reasonable order.更多还原