【作者】 席居哲；

【导师】 桑标；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 发展与教育心理学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究以生态系统理论为指导，对国内诸多隶属于生态系统发展“隐范式”的研究，通过元分析和变量频数分析技术，从大量研究涉及的影响儿童心理健康发展的家庭生态系统众多变量中，筛选出关键变量，组成三个因素群(子系统)。并尝试建构了儿童心理健康发展的家庭生态系统模型，通过测验获取相关变量的数据，对模型进行验证。同时，对儿童心理健康发展的各家庭生态子系统、子系统内各因素对心理健康的影响进行了考察，对家庭生态子系统内各因素间、子系统间的相互作用特点进行了研究。 生态发展观和系统发展观是当今心理学领域两个十分重要的理论模型。本研究对这两个理论模型的缘起、发展进行了回顾与总结。相比而言，系统发展观认为心理发展是系统发展变化的结果，强调系统内因素之间、子系统之间、人与人之间、人与环境之间动态关系的发展意义；生态发展观认为心理或行为是人与环境的函数，强调人—环境的拟合。尽管两者有不同的起源和演化路线，但随着发展，两理论日趋融合，合力掀起心理学研究领域中的一次新浪潮，这就是生态系统理论。它将为发展心理学带来一场革命。 本研究采用元分析方法和变量频数分析技术，对散见于国内文献的涉及影响儿童健康发展的家庭生态系统研究进行了统合。筛选出了若干关键变量，组成了三个家庭子系统：父母子系统、家庭环境子系统和儿童子系统。根据文献综合结果，尝试构建儿童心理健康发展的家庭生态系统模型。 选取了746名中小学生进行实证研究，检出125名(16.8％)行为问题儿童。通过分析发现，健康组儿童与问题组儿童在父母子系统、家庭环境子系统和儿童子系统的多个方面存在显著差异。而且，健康组的家庭生态子系统内、子系统间的关系较问题组为复杂，提示健康组儿童家庭生态系统可能存在较多的不利因素缓冲机制。 根据实证研究结果，对拟进入模型的变量进行第二次筛选，保证了儿童心理健康发展的家庭生态系统模型的简约化。通过实际数据进行验证，结果较好地拟合了构想模型(GFI=.930，AGFI=.899，X~2／df=3.637)。不但证明了所设定模型的合理性，还证明了本研究所确定的变量及因素群的合理性。结构模型表明，儿童心理健康的父母子系统、家庭环境子系统和儿童子系统对于心理及行为问题(心理健康综合指标)的形成均有反向作用。三个子系统之间存在着明显正相关。提示健康儿童组的三个子系统均起积极作用并存在着内在一致性。并分析了各家庭生态子系统内变量的作用。 研究者总结了家庭生态系统的四个重要特点，即平衡性、动态性、开放性和整体性，提出家庭生态系统是一个动力性的结构。并论证了建立儿童心理健康发展的家庭生态系统评估指标体系的可行性与迫切性，展望了儿童心理健康发展的生态化干预、预防与促进方案的前景。更多还原

【Abstract】 Employing the essential perspectives of ecological system theories, the author’s tried to synthesize a large number of domestic studies on mental health of child that fall under the "latent paradigm" of development in ecological systems by meta-analyzing and variables-frequency-analyzing to screen out some most important factors contributing to child development which can be generalized into three groups (i.e. subsystems). After having built a conceived model that might reflect the essence of ecological systems of families of healthy children, the author conducted multivariable tests covering the three subsystems. Through an elaborate analysis of the data available, the effects of each subsystem and each level or factor of every subsystem on mentally healthy development have been investigated, including a study on the features of the interactions between levels or factors within every family subsystems and between the subsystems.The paper first made a general review of the evolution trajectory of the two most important theoretical models: systems and ecological perspectives on development. The systems perspective regards development as the result of changes of systems in which a person live, focusing on the dynamic importance of interrelationships between or among subsystems and between or among levels or factors in every subsystem. By contrast, the ecological perspective holds that the mental health is the function of person and his environment (especially immediate environment), emphasizing the goodness-of-fit of person-environment. Up to today, the two theories have come to collaborate to surge a new wave in the domain of psychology, especially of developmental psychology. The two perspectives have integrated into one that has got the title of ecological systems theory that could bring far-reaching revolution to developmental psychology.Then, using the methods of meta-analysis and variables-frequency-analysis, the author made out three family subsystems including parents subsystem, home environment subsystem and child subsystem, all consisting of screen-out factors of each own. According to the general results from the literatures, a conceived model of family ecological systems came into being.By sampling 746 subjects covering grade 3, 5. 7 and 9, the author screened out 125 (16.8 percent) children as mentally unhealthy. Statistics indicates that there are many significant differences between the healthy group and the unhealthy one, with the more complicated interrelations between or among the levels or factors in each family subsystem and that between or among the subsystems in healthy group, implying that there are more buffering mechanics of adversities in family ecological systems of healthy children.The second selection of variables was done on the basis of statistics in case that the waiting-for-being-confirmed model is not parsimony. The results indicate that the model has a quite well goodness-of-fit with the data. The GFI (i.e. goodness-of-fit index) is .930, the AGF1 (adjusted goodness-of-fit index) .899, proving the conceived model of healthy children is acceptable. The structure model indicates that the three family subsystems of healthy children contribute inversely to behavioral or mental problems. And the significantly positive correlation coefficients among the three subsystems imply that there exists coherence. The intra-subsystem analysis has also been made.According to the author, there should be four prominent features of family ecological systems: (a) equilibrium, (b) dynamic state, (c) openness, and (d) integrity. The four features are inter-depended, embodied by a dynamic structure of family ecological systems. Finally, the feasibility and imperative of setting up an evaluation index system of ecological systems of family of mentally healthy development are discussed, the ecological intervention, protection and promotion programs of mentally healthy development predicted.更多还原