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中国裳凤蝶属分子分类学研究(鳞翅目:凤蝶科)

Molecular Taxonomy on the Genus Troides from China (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)

【作者】 袁向群

【导师】 周尧;

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 , 农业昆虫与害虫防治, 2003, 硕士

【摘要】 裳凤蝶属是蝴蝶中最富自然美的鸟凤蝶类Birdwing butterflies三个属之一,在中国蝴蝶资源中有着特别重要的意义。本文主要进行中国裳凤蝶属分子生物学分类研究,以探明裳凤蝶属物种群、种、亚种及型的分子鉴别特征、遗传分化及亲缘关系,为中国蝴蝶的分子生物学研究奠定基础,促进蝴蝶资源的可持续利用。 在综述部分简要介绍了世界与中国裳凤蝶分类研究的历史与现状,外生殖器分类研究中存在的困难与问题,裳凤蝶属的分类系统,分子生物学方法在昆虫系统学中,特别是在蝴蝶分类研究中的应用。 研究材料包括产自中国大陆的裳凤蝶污斑亚种Troides helena spilotia Rothschild 1~6个不同斑型;产自台湾的裳凤蝶污斑亚种Troides helena spilotia Rothschild的1、3、4斑型(隶属于T. helena group);金裳凤蝶指名亚种Troides aeacus aeacus (Felder et Felder),台湾亚种T. aeacus formosanus Rothschild;与荧光裳凤蝶Troides magellanus (Felder et Felder)(隶属于T. aeacus group);产自印度尼西亚的摩鹿加裳凤蝶Troides criton Felder,小斑裳凤蝶Troides haliphron Boisduval(隶属于T. haliphron group)。以太白虎凤蝶Luchdorfia taibai Chou(=L. longcaudata Lee)作为分析参照外群。 结合形态分类与雄性外生殖器研究,用6条引物对裳凤蝶属上述5种、3亚种、6个斑型、外群太白虎凤蝶的15个样本进行了RAPD分析,并进行了部分种、型的COII和ND5序列测定及聚类分析,得到如下主要结论: 1.产自中国大陆各地的裳凤蝶污斑亚种T. helena spilotia Rothschild,雄性后翅亚缘区出现的1-6黑斑,属显性遗传,按照遗传距离与聚类分析分为三个基本型,分别命名为:①一斑型T. helena spilotia forma unipunctata,后翅亚缘区1个黑斑,大小稳定,个体数量最多;②多斑型T. helena spilotia forma polypunctata,后翅亚缘区5-6个斑,大小稳定,个体数量较多;③少斑型T. helena spilotia forma oligopunctata,后翅亚缘区2-4个黑斑,大小不一,属于一斑型与多斑型的过渡阶段。 2.根据RAPD分析和mtDNA的ND5测序结果显示,裳凤蝶属Troides (s. st.)4个物种群的亲缘关系为:T. haliphron group + T. amphrysus group + (T. helena group + T. aeacus group),T. helena group与T. aeacus group关系最近,聚为一支,与其它2个物种群独立发展。 3.裳凤蝶污斑亚种Troides helena spilotia Rothschild的大陆居群与台湾居群已存在很大的遗传分化,证明地理隔离,岛屿效应促进了裳凤蝶属种、亚种的分化,也是多岛国家或地区,如印度尼西亚,裳凤蝶属等蝶类资源特别丰富的原因。 4.首次采用改进的CTAB法提取裳凤蝶基因组DNA,所提样品完全可以满足RAPD及线粒体DNA的扩增。 5.RAPD是分析裳凤蝶属种、型遗传分化的一种优良的分子标记,具有快速、准确的特点。 6.NDS序列测定是研究裳凤蝶属物种群遗传分化、构建系统发育树的快速、有效的方法。

【Abstract】 The genus Troides is one of three genera of birdwing butterflies with the natural beauty. They occur the particular and important position in butterfly resources from China.In the present thesis the molecular taxonomy on 5 species belonging to Troides, of which 3 species are from China and 2 species are from Indonesian, is studied by means RAPD(random amplified polymorphic DNA) and DNA sequencing.The results are as follows:1. Based on the different number of black spots at submarginal area of male hindwing of Triodes Helena spilotia Rothschild, it is classed in 3 basic forms, named:a. forma unipunctata, 1 black spot all of a size at submarginal area of hindwing.b. forma polypunatata, 5-6 black spots all of a size at submarginal area ofhindwing.c. forma olygopunatata, 2-4 black spots all of size or different size. It istransition from unipunctata to polypunatata. These spot forms belong to dominant hereditary.2. Relationship of 4 species groups of the genus Troides(s. st) is: T. haliphron group +T. amphrysus group + (T. helena group +T. aeacus group). T. helena group is closely related to T. aeacus group. T. amphrysus group and T. haliphron group are independent branches respectively.3. The great genetic differentiations occur between the population distributing in Taiwan province and the population distributing in the continent of China. The geographical isolation and island effect promote the speciation in species of the genus Troides. It is the reason why there are the rich troid and other butterfly resources in islanded region or country, for example Indonesian.4. The improved method of CTAB isolation of total DNA is suitable for extraction of total DNA from insects of Troides.5. RAPD method is accurate and quick for identification of species group, species, subspecies and forms on the genus Troides and other Butterflies6. ND5gene sequencing is a good method for studying genetic differentiation and constructing phylogenetic tree.

【关键词】 裳凤蝶属鸟凤蝶类分子生物学分类中国
【Key words】 TroidesBirdwing butterfliesMolecular taxonomyChina
  • 【分类号】Q969
  • 【被引频次】3
  • 【下载频次】425
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