20世纪50年代中国农村扫盲运动研究

【作者】 马云；

【导师】 岳珑；

【作者基本信息】 西北大学 ， 中国近现代史， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 20世纪50年代中国农村扫盲运动是社会发展的需要；也是中国共产党和中央政府借鉴革命根据地民众教育的经验，师承苏联成人教育体制的结果。 中国共产党和中央政府对50年代农村扫盲工作给予高度重视，通过加强对扫盲工作的组织管理，采取了灵活多样的学习内容和形式，在农村扫盲运动中推行了弹性学习制度。并且，将农业生产重于普及教育，使扫盲运动过程呈现出非均衡发展的特点。20世纪50年代中国农村扫盲运动取得了巨大成功，它提高了中国广大农村群众的素质；形成了良好的农村社会风尚；促进农村妇女社会的角色转变。但是，由于农村扫盲运动受到时代与环境的限制，也存在一定的局限性。同时，扫盲运动的经验教训也给予当前普及教育以重要的启示和借鉴。我们应该充分认识教育的长期性和长效性，将实施农村教育的综合改革和推广终身教育与加强党的领导相结合，才能使中国农村教育走向新的发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 The anti-illiteracy campaign launched in 1950’s in the rural China is thought to be an urgent call for social development. And the successful implementation of this campaign owes much to the CPC’s early experience, namely, the public educational campaign in their revolutionary bases before liberation of China, and their through study on Soviet adult education system.The CPC government attached great importance to the anti-illiteracy education of rural China in 1950*s, strengthened its organizations, assumed flexible approaches to carry out the campaign which was called "elastic learning program". At the same time, The CPC preferred agriculture to universal education and impelled this campaign’s uneven development. The rural anti-illiteracy campaign in 1950’s made great success. It greatly improved me peasants’ quality and helped to brood a better rural custom, women’s position in rural China was improved as well. However, the rural anti-illiteracy campaign in 1950’s has many drawbacks conditioned by historical surroundings. Meanwhile, the present universal education could draw inspirations and lessons from the 1950’s anti-illiteracy campaign. We should know that the universal education at the present time is a long-time one, that the educational reform in rural China and life-long education should be integrated with the strengthening of the Party leadership, and that only in this way could the universal education in rural China stride forward.更多还原