【作者】 朱洪波；

【导师】 马保国；

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 ， 材料物理与化学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 道路隔声屏障在实际中的应用越来越广泛，适合其使用的吸声材料由于要求同时具有良好的吸声性能、耐久性能以及出于环保考虑需要限制使用许多材料体系，从而成为国内外相关领域的研究的重点。 以香港东部铁路工程对所用吸声材料的各项性能要求为目标，通过对各类吸声材料与结构的吸声机理分析，选择高效无机类多孔性材料体系，应用空腔共振、薄板共振、吸声尖劈等多种吸声结构，按照多孔性吸声材料的吸声机理、材料制备工艺原理以及无机非金属材料的各种耐久性设计原则、防护措施，经过大量材料制备实验和声学测试，研制出一种新型高效、高耐久性吸声材料。 按照空腔共振结构的微观尺寸对吸声影响的机理，采用发气技术形成这种结构并研制出相应的新型发气剂X。将能够产生发气条件的多种功能组分按照所需比例配合在一起、通过粉磨加工而成的发气剂X，可以在实际生产中简化操作程序、稳定产品吸声性能。 按照吸声尖劈结构尺寸对吸声的影响以及利用吸声材料背后空气层对吸声的提高作用，通过对模具和混凝土基板的特殊结构设计来实现这些结构。通过对上述各种吸声结构的综合运用，并充分利用膨胀珍珠岩本身固有的空腔共振吸声特性，辅助提高吸声性能。采用半干料压制成型工艺制备出具有连通通道的多孔性吸声材料。通过控制压缩比、颗粒粒径等措施调整孔隙率、结构因子等工艺参数并运用空气流阻、溶液流阻等技术参数来研究结构特点。 采用Dular纤维和抗碱玻璃纤维增加制品的抗折、抗压强度；采用硫铝酸盐水泥为胶结材料。利用硫铝酸盐水泥的最终水化产物中不含Ca（OH）₂以及低碱、早强、水化热放热集中等特点，来提高材料的耐腐蚀性能、加快模具周转速度以及产生发气剂发挥作用的条件。 按照薄膜共振吸声原理设计了膨胀珍珠岩的憎水化处理和对制品表面的防水处理措施；通过对搅拌、加水、纤维分散等材料制备工艺过程的研究，确定实际生产技术参数，并为大规模生产设计了长线台座生产线。 通过对材料吸声性能及耐久性能的提高与改善，研制出的新型吸声材料吸声性能指标经过国家建筑工程质量检测中心和香港东部铁路工程指定的瑞士国家一级实验室EMPA实验室检测，125、250、500、1000、2000、4000Hz等六个频率下的吸声系数分别为：0.21、0.6、0.82、0.9、1.04、0.94，在100～5000Hz武汉理工大学硕士论文摘要之间18个1/3倍频程的吸声系数平均值达到0.8以上，其抗压强度、耐火值、散火值、冒烟值以及环保等性能指标均符合工程要求;根据科技部西南信息中心查新报告，吸声系数指标和利用吸声尖劈结构与其它多种结构复合的应用、新型发气剂形成空腔共振吸声结构的技术、采用Dular纤维、玻璃纤维增强措施以及采用硫铝酸盐水泥为胶结材料的半干料压缩成型工艺等均未见国内报道。更多还原

【Abstract】 Road sound insulation barrier is applied more and more abroad in the practice. The material, adapting to it, becomes the emphasis of correlation fields in the world because of the requirement of excellent properties of sound absorption and durability, and limits of some kinds of materials, considering environment-friendly.The study is based on the performance request targets of sound absorbing materials used in Eastern Hong Kong railway engineering. By analyzing the sound absorbing mechanism of all kinds of materials and structures, the inorganic and porous effective material is chosen, and multi-structure including cavity resonance sound absorber, ply resonance sound absorber and wedge sound absorber is selected. According to the sound absorbing mechanism of porous sound absorbing materials, the theory of material preparation techniques, the durability design principle and deferrable steps of inorganic-nonmetal materials, and a great deal of material preparation experiments and acoustics tests, a new kind of high effective and durable sound absorbing material is prepared in this paper.In term of the relation between the micro-size and cavity resonance sound absorber, the structure is formed through the gas former techniques. And the new type of gas former X, which includes many proportional forming-gas functional components, is prepared by milling. Using X, the operating process of practical produce is simplified and the sound absorbing property is stabilized.The size of wedge absorber influences the sound absorbing performance. And the space between the concrete board and the sound absorbing material can enhance the sound absorbing performance. In this paper, the performance of sound absorption is improved through the structure-integration realizing by the special design of the mold and concrete board and inherent cavity resonance sound absorbing property of expanded perlite. The porous material with connected pore is produced by semi-dry stuff compression molding techniques. The compression ratio and the size of granules are controlled to modulate the hole-ratio and the structure gene. The technique parameters of the resistances of airflow and solution, et al. are exerted to study the characteristic of the structure.The Durafiber and the alkali-resistance fiberglass are used to increase the bending strength and compress strength. The binding material is Sulfoaluminate cement The corrosion-resistanceand the speed of pattern turnover is improved and the situation for gas former to exert its function is produced because of the characteristics of Sulfoaluminate cement, such as no Ca(OH)2 in the final hydrated products, lower alkali, earlier strength and the concentration of the hydration heat dissipation.The hating-water treatment of expanded perlite and the waterproof measure of products surfaces are designed according to the ply resonance sound absorbing principle. The technical process of the material preparation include mixture, watering and fiber disperse. Through this research, the practical producing parameters are selected, and long dado product line is designed for mass production.In this paper, the new type sound absorbing material is manufactured through the enhancing and improving the sound absorbing performance and durability of material. The Quality Test Center of Country Building Engineering and first-degree laboratory-EMPA laboratory of Switzerland, appointed by Eastern Hong Kong railwayengineering, test the sound absorbing performance. The coefficients of sound absorption, tested at frequencies of 125, 250, 500,1000, 2000, 4000Hz, are 0.21, 0.6, 0.82, 0.9, 1.04, 0.94, respectively. The average sound absorption coefficients of 18 1/3-octave from 100 to SOOOHz is beyond 0.8. The other performance targets, such as compress strength, fire-resistance, fire-dissemination, fuming and environmental protection, et al., all conform to the demands of engineering. According to the novelty search report of the Southwest Information Center of Sci-tech Ministry, the researches in this更多还原