【作者】 刘瑾；

【导师】 吕梦翔； 张崇智；

【作者基本信息】 天津医科大学 ， 神经解剖学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 目的：对下关穴区进行层次局部解剖观察及分布于该区的传入和传出神经元定位，为穴位针刺研究提供形态学基础。 材料与方法：1、下关穴层次局部解剖观察2、采用四月龄wistar系大白鼠20只，经20％HRP水溶液注射于右侧下关穴区，存活48小时，常规灌流固定，取脑干及右侧三叉神经节，连续冰冻切片，TMB法染色，中性红复染，光镜下观察。 结果： 1、下关穴区层次局部解剖观察：由浅至深依次为：皮肤、浅筋膜、腮腺咬肌筋膜、腮腺、咬肌、颞骨颧突与下颌切迹之间隙、翼外肌。浅筋膜层：所含脂肪组织较少，分布在下关穴区的血管神经有面横动、静脉，面神经的颞支和颧支。翼外肌浅面：在下关穴区有上颌动脉及它的一些分支(脑膜中动脉，咬肌动脉，颞深动脉)的起始部，咬肌神经，颞深神经分布。翼外肌深面：在下关穴区有下颌神经及它的一些分支(舌神经，下牙槽神经，颞深神经，咬肌神经，翼外肌神经，颊神经)的起始部分布。 2、传入传出神经元的定位：于大鼠下关穴区注射HRP后，光天津医科大学硕士研究生学位论文镜下在三叉神经节，三叉神经中脑核;三叉神经运动核，面神经核等处观察到标记细胞。结论l、2、3、下关穴区局部层次解剖观察证明穴位非由一种组织构成，而是由多种组织构成的一种多层次立体结构，穴位区有大量血管、神经配布。根据HRP逆行追踪结果，发现分布于下关穴区的传入神经元来自三叉神经节和三叉神经中脑核;传出神经元来自三叉神经运动核和面神经核。以上研究结果为下关穴的临床针刺治疗三叉神经痛，颖下领关节功能紊乱，面瘫等疾病的机理研究提供了形态学基石出。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective: Topography oberservation of Hsiakuan point and the location of the afferent neurons and the efferent neurons to provide the morphological foundation for Hsiakuan point acupuncture research. Materials and methods:1. Hsiakuan point topography and oberservation.2. Using 20 Wistar rats of 4-month old, Giving injection to their Hsiakuan point on right side with 20%HRP , living within 48 hours, routine perfusion and fixing, extraction the brain stem and the trigemmal ganglion, continuous frozen sections staining by TMB method, compound staining by the neutral red. Observing labelled cells with light microscope.Results:1. Hsiakuan point topography and oberservation: From superficial to deep: the skin, the superficial fascia, the parotid fascia, the parotid gland, the masseter, the space between the zygomatic process of the temporal bone and the mandibular notch, the lateral pterygoid muscle. Little fat, the transverse facial artery, the transverse facialvein and the temporal and zygomatic branches of the facial nerve on the superficial fascia layer; the maxillary artery and its onset branches(the middle meningeal artery,the masseteric artery,the deep temporal arteries),the masseteric nerve,the deep temporal nerves on the superficial layer of lateral pterygoid muscle;the mandibular nerve and its onset branches(the lingual nerve,the inferior alveolar nerve, the masseteric nerve,the deep temporal nerves,the nerve to lateral pterygoidjthe buccinator nerve) on the deep layer of the lateral pterygoid muscle.2. The location of the afferent neurons and the efferent neurons :Giving Injection to the rat Hsiakuan point with 20%HRP , to find labelled cells in the trigeminal ganglion ,the mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve ,the motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve ,the nucleus of the facial nerve under light microscope. Conclutions:1. The topography and oberservation confirm the fact that the acupoint is a steric of the several tissues structure not a single structure. There are many blood vessels and nerves nearby the acupoint.2. According to the results of HRP, Hsiakuan point afferent neurons come from the trigeminal ganglion and the mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal nerve. Hsiakuan point efferent neurons come from the motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve and the nucleus of facial nerve.3. The results provide morphological foundation to the treatment of prosopalgia, disorders of temporomandibular joint and faparalysis by Hsiakuan point acupuncture.更多还原