【作者】 张健；

【导师】 毛凯； 张新全；

【作者基本信息】 四川农业大学 ， 草业科学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 本试验从1999年3月-2002年9月，在三峡库区最具代表性的巫山县花竹坪种草养畜示范区(海拔550米)为试验地，以‘Algonguin’紫花苜蓿、‘Defi’紫花苜蓿、‘Derby’紫花苜蓿、‘Sandity’紫花苜蓿、‘Eureka’紫花苜蓿等五个国外紫花苜蓿品种为试验材料，在相同试验条件下，研究其生态适应性。以期为三峡库区种植紫花苜蓿的地域选择和品种选择提供依据。结果表明： 1 物候期观测结果表明，供试品种的返青期在3月7日-3月15日之间，其中‘Sandity’返青最早，新西兰的两个品种‘Derby’和‘Defi’较迟。分枝期在4月5日-4月10日之间，品种间差异不明显。初花期以‘Derby’最早，其它品种晚2-5天。 2 在供试苜蓿品种中，‘Derby’、‘Algonguin’和‘Eureka’紫花苜蓿产草量较高，品质佳，适口性好，再生性强。以上三种苜蓿的干草产量(16558kg、16730kg、17126kg)分别比参加对照的‘Wuxi’红三叶(地方品种)高出28％、29.7％和32.8％，比当地主要种植的‘Ladino’白三叶高出24.5％、25.8％和28.8％；开花初期粗蛋白质含量分别比‘Wuxi’红三叶高出1.2％、0.8％和0.6％，比‘Ladino’白三叶高出1.0％、0.6％和0.4％。 3 从苜蓿地下生物量及根部发育特征看，地下生物量由上层至下层递减，其中从地表至地下50cm土层内生物量占地下部总生物量的81.5％，地下50-100cm土层内生物量占15.2％，100cm以下只占3.3％。‘Algonguin’苜蓿根系入土最深(可达1.5米)，根幅最小；‘Sandity’苜蓿根系入土最浅，根幅最大；其它苜蓿根系介于上述两者之间，整体形态相似。 4 在生态适应性评价中，引进的几种紫花苜蓿品种耐旱、耐热、抗病能力较强，均能适应三峡库区的气候条件。同时，苜蓿根系发达，固土能力强，生态效益很高。另外，通过苜蓿根瘤菌固氮，可以达到改土增肥的目的。 5 从综合性状分析，‘Derby’、‘Algonguin’和‘Eureka’紫花苜蓿在生态适应性、产草量、牧草品质、适口性、再生性及经济利用价值等方面均优于地方品种‘Wuxi’红三叶和当地主种的‘Ladino’白三叶，适宜在当地大面积种植。更多还原

【Abstract】 Under the natural condition, five alfalfa varieties of Canada Algonguin,Defi,Derby,Sanditi and Eureka from aboard and Wuxi Red clover from domestic and ’Ladino’ white clover were identified on analysis of characteristics and adaptability through 4 years( 1999-2002) in median altitude area( 550m) of Changjian Gorges Reservoir. The results of variance analysis showed :1. phenophase result shows that the regreen stage of treatment cultivars is between Mar.7 and Mar. 15, and sandity gets green earliest, Derby and Deft do later. Branching stage is between Apr. 5 and Apr. 10, the difference of cultivars is not significant. Derby’s Earn flowering stage is the earliest, other cultivars is later 2 to 5 days.2. Algonguin, Eureka and Derby had the characteristics of good adaptability,high yield,strong regeneration,high ecological and economic value and so on,which was favorable in planting on large areas.The hay yield (16558kg, 16730 kg, 17126 kg) of three alfalfa varieties is higher 28%,29.7% and 32.8% than Wuxi Red clover and higher 24.5%,25.8% and 28.8% than ’Ladino’ white clover .In the beginning of bloom, the coarse protein of three alfalfa varieties is higher 1.2%,0.8% and 0.6%,and higher 1.0%,0.6% and 0.4% than ’Ladino’ white clover.3. The undergroud biomass of alfalfa shows that biomass decreases from top layer to bottom layer, the biomass from surface to undergroud 50cm is 81.5% of total biomass, and is 15.2% from undergroud 50-100cm, and is 3.3% below 100cm. Algonguin root system is the deepest(l.5m), its root extent is the smallest; Sandity alfalfa root system is the shortest, its root extent is the bigest. The toot characteristics of other alfalfa cultivars is similar.4. Few alfalfa cultivars from aboard have strong drought-resistance ,heat-resistance, disease-resistance , which adapts to climate conditions of Three Gorges Reservior. In the same time, alfalfa’s root system is strong, and have strong soil preservation ability and high ecological efficiency. In addition, through nitrogen fixation of root nodule bacteria, the soil fertilization increases.5. Based on analysis of alfalfa’s general character, the eco-adaptation,hay yield,forage quality,regeneration of Derby,Algonguin and Eureka are superior to domestic cultivar "Wuxi" red clover and main planting forage "Ladino" white clover,which is favorable in planting on large areas.更多还原