【作者】 石海春；

【导师】 牛应泽； 柯永培；

【作者基本信息】 四川农业大学 ， 作物遗传育种， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究以目前生产上常用的7个自交系和本课题提供的7个新选自交系，采用7×7不完全双列杂交配成的49个F₁代组合为供试材料，研究了玉米籽粒主要品质性状的遗传规律。结果如下： 1、对玉米籽粒各性状遗传组成和遗传力的分析结果为；（1）粒宽、容重、异亮氨酸（Ile）和精氨酸（Arg）等主要受加性基因影响；千粒重、比重、粗蛋白、赖氨酸（Lys）、天门冬氨酸（Asp）和甘氨酸（Gly）等加性和非加性效应同等重要；其余性状主要受非加性基因影响。（2）粒宽、容重、粗蛋白、缬氨酸（Val）、异亮氨酸（Ile）和亮氨酸（Leu）等它们的遗传力相对较高；单株产量、粒长、比重、蛋氨酸（Met）和苯丙氨酸（Phe）等它们的遗传力相对较低；其余性状的遗传力相对居中，但这些性状的狭义遗传力数值均较低，全部小于50％。 2、对玉米籽粒各性状的配合力效应进行分析，发现玉米籽粒各性状的配合力效应表现复杂：（1）同一性状不同材料间，同一材料不同性状间其GCA和SCA效应均有不同程度的差异。（2）不同亲本同一性状的GCA效应可能为正值，也可能为负值，且其机率几乎相等；同一材料不同性状的GCA效应表现复杂，出现正值和负值的可能性因材料而异；不同组合同一品质性状的SCA效应可能为正值，也可能为负值，且其机率几乎相等。（3）研究材料中，第2、6、14号亲本各性状的GCA效应较高；第4号亲本主要营养品质性状的GCA效应较低，但其商品品质（千粒重、比重、容重）和单株产量的GCA效应较高；2×12这个组合品质较优，产量相对较高。 3、对玉米籽粒各性状间和各性状配合力效应间及亲本各性状平均值与F₁相应各性状平均值之间进行相关分析表明：玉米籽粒的营养品质性状之间、商品品质性状之间、单株产量与大多数品质性状之间、以及它们的GCA效应值间和SCA效应值间等方面均呈正相关，而营养品质与商品品质性状间和配合力效应值间的相关性较复杂；粒长、粒宽、千粒重、容重、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和赖氨酸（Lys）等性状其双亲平均值与其F₁平均值之间达到显著或极显著水平的正相关，籽粒产量和其余大多数品质性状双亲平均值与其F₁平均值之间呈正相关。 4、对亲本进行主成分和聚类分析的结果为:前5个主成分因子对总变异的贡献达83.191%，材料间的遗传距离变异范围为0.342一21.910，据遗传距离可将所选材料分为7类。 另外，本文对籽粒主要品质性状的遗传特性及在育种中的应用作了讨论。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this Study, 7 main inbred-lines in production and 7 new inbred-lines were crossed based on the NCII(7 7) design.These inbred-lines and the obtained 49 hybrids were used for analyses of the Genetic rules of maize seed quality characters.The main results are the following:1.The genetic components and heritabilities of the main seed characters: (1) Additive effects were found important for seed width, volume weight, Ileand Arg etc;additive and non-additive effects ware equally important for weight per 1000 seeds,specific gravity,protein content Lys.Asp and Gly, etc;non-additive effects were found important for the remaining characters. (2)The heritabilities of seed width,volume weight,protein content,Val, lie and Leu etc were relatively high and those of yield per plant, seed length,specific gravity, Met and Phe,etc,were relatively low. The heritabilities of the other characters were in the middle.The narrow heritabilities of all the characters were low,less than 50%.2.The results of analyses of the Combining Ability of Maize seed characters showed to be compliated:(1)The GCA’s of different characters were different in the same inbred line,and the GCA’s of the same character were different in the different inbred-lines. (2) The values of GCA of each Character might be positive or negetive for different parents,The probabilities were almost equal.The GCA of different character might be positive or negative in the same inbred line,the probabilities were different in the different inbred lines.The SCA of all the character in different hybrids might also be positive or negative, The probabilities were also almost equal.(3)In the lines studied, lines No 2,6,14 showed a high GCA in all characters; line No.4 was low values of GCA in the main nutritive quality characters, but the values of GCA of the commercial quality characters(weiqht per 1000 seeds, specific gravity, volume weight) and the yield per plant were relatively high in this line.The hybrid combination(2 X 12)was high in both guality and yield.3.The analyses of correlation among seed characters and among the Combining Abilities, the correlations between the mean parent values and the FI hybrids showed that positive correlations were found among in the main nutritive quality characters,among the commercial seed quality characters,between the yield per plant and the main seed quality characters, between the GCA and SCA of the main seed nutritive quality characters,between the GCA and SCA of the seed comnercial quality characters,between the GCA and SCA of the yield per plant and the seed nutrition quality characters. Complicated correlations were found between the seed nutrition characters and the commereal seed characters, between the Combining Abilities of the seed nutrition Characters and the commercial seed characters. In Characers of seed length, seed width,weight per 1000 seeds, volume weight, protein content, fat content and Lys etc, significant or highly significant correlations were found between the mean parent values and the values of the FI hybrids. Positive correlations were also found between the mean parent values and the F] hybrids in seed yield and the remaining majority of quality characters.4.Analyses of principal components and clustering showed that 5 principal components could explain 83.191% of the total variance. The squared Eaclidean Distances between the parents ranged from 0.342 to 21.910.The parental lines couald be clustered into 7 groups.The genetic characteristics and the applications of these characteristics to maize breeding were discussed.更多还原