【作者】 刘从军；

【导师】 袁继超；

【作者基本信息】 四川农业大学 ， 作物栽培与耕作学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 本文以常规中籼滇屯502、E优540，杂交稻丰优香占、常规中粳合系39、合系22—2为材料，研究了在不同的播期和地点栽培条件下水稻的分蘖成穗率，籽粒的灌浆特征，稻米品质及其与温光条件的关系，结果表明： （1）从籽粒的灌浆来看，在不同的播期条件下，籽粒灌浆的差异较大，强势粒的灌浆速率要快于弱势粒，籼稻的灌浆速率要快于粳稻；齐穗后15d内的日平均温度越高，则籽粒的起始势越高，灌浆物质曲线拐点时间和灌浆速率拐点时间越早；同步灌浆和异步灌浆不仅仅是品种所固有的特性，它还受灌浆成熟期气象因子的影响。 （2）从对直链淀粉含量的影响来看，直链淀粉含量与灌浆成熟期的日均温呈现明显的关系，其关系可以用二次函数来表示；直链淀粉含量积累还与开花后的天数呈现二次或三次曲线关系，而且均达到显著或极显著水平；齐穗期到齐穗后16天强势粒的直链淀粉的增加速度超过粒重的增加速度，后期则相反，这表明水稻籽粒灌浆前期积累的主要是直链淀粉，后期积累的主要是支链淀粉。 （3）从稻米的其它品质来看，稻米品质的诸性状均与灌浆结实期的温光条件均存在着相关性，随着灌浆成熟期日均温度的增加，稻米的出糙率、精米率、整精米率呈下降的趋势，垩白粒率、垩白度、胶稠度和蛋白质含量呈增加的趋势；同时，随着灌浆成熟期日平均光照时数的增加，稻米的垩白粒率和垩白度呈明显的增加趋势，合系39的出糙率和精米率也呈现明显的增加趋势，其关系可以用公式y₁=80.738368+0.501887x₁，y₂=69.739348+0.882326x₂来表示。 （4）从籽粒的灌浆特征与稻米品质的关系来看，随着灌浆物质曲线拐点干重增加，稻米的碾磨品质呈下降趋势，垩白呈增加趋势，而胶稠度则呈变硬的趋势；同时，随着灌浆速率的增大，垩白粒率和垩白度呈增加趋势；弱势粒的实际灌浆天数能极大的影响稻米的品质，随着弱势粒灌浆时间的延长，稻米品质呈变优的趋势。 （5）从不同的水稻品种类型来看，就参试品种而言，粳型品种的米质受环境条件的影响要小于籼型品种。 研究发现，调节水稻的播种期，从而改变了灌浆成熟期的气象生态因子，有利于形成优良的稻米品质。更多还原

【Abstract】 Materials used were Diantun502and E-you 540 (medium-maturing irufica rice) Hexi39 and hexi22-2 (medium-maturing japonica rice), Fengyouxiangzhan (a hybrid rice. On different sowing dates and cultivated location.the panicle m"2 .characteristic of grain filling, and the relationship between temperature and sunshine and rice quality were investigated.The obtained results were as follows.(1) During the grain filling period.the filling velocity of superior grain might be higher than that of inferior grain;the velocity of japonica rice had a bigger value than that of indica rice.the daily mean temperature during 15d after heading was a important factor of grain filling.we recognized that higher temperature increased R0( filling initial power) of grain and advanced the inflexion time of filling matter curve and filling veolcity .the result showed that synchronization and asynchronism filling was not only the character of varieties ,but also influenced by meteorologic factors of grain filling.(2) Considering the amylose content(AC),the correlation between AC and the daily mean temperature during grain filling period was significant with quadratic equation. Moreover ,AC correlated significantly with the days of flowering with conic or cubic polynomial model respectively. Besides during the 16 days after heading , the increased velocity of AC surpassed that of grain weight and vice versa in the later filling period. This demostrated that AC obtainedfromthe initial of matter accumulation.however .Amylopectin was accumulated mainly during the later filling stage.(3) Quality traits of rice revealed a correlation with temperature and illumination respectively during grain filling stage. There was a negative correlation between daily mean temperature and milling quality ,such as browed rice rate .milled rice rate.and head milled rice.meanwhile, the daily mean temperature positively correlated with chalky degree.chalkiness rate,GC(gelatinization consistency)and protein content respectively.In addition,the chalky degree and chalkiness ratio increased with daily mean illumination increased during grain filling period. Furthermore.the browed rice rate and milled rice rate of Hexi39,japonica rice, significantly increased with sunshine hour, the relationship was calculated by:y1=80.738368+0.501887x1,y2=69.739348+0.882326x2.(4) Analysed the relationship between rice quality and the character of grain filling,the mainly results indicated that the rice milling quality decreased with dry matter accumulation in curve inflexion and chalkiness increased while hardness of GC increased.the same time ,the velocity of grain filling increased as well as chalky degree and chalkiness . rice quality was influenced reasonably by the days of inferior grain filling ,rice quality was improved with the longer duration of inferior grain filling.(5) To sum up.with different genotype of rice as materials,the rice quality of japonica rice was influenced no significantly than indica rice by environmental.Results of these studies suggested that rice quality would beincreased if we regulated sowing dates and improved the meteorologic factors during grain filling更多还原