【作者】 冯志华；

【导师】 赵国先；

【作者基本信息】 河北农业大学 ， 动物营养与饲料科学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 本试验以德美杂交獭兔为对象，研究在其低磷日粮中添加植酸酶和VD₃及二者的协同作用对獭兔生产性能和营养物质利用率的影响。 试验一：选用3月龄左右体重相近的健康獭兔50只，随机分为5组。Ⅰ组为低磷（0.35％）基础日粮组，Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组分别在基础日粮中添加400、600、800U／kg植酸酶，Ⅴ组添加磷酸氢钙。结果表明：（1）日粮中添加植酸酶可以提高獭兔的日增重，对日采食量和料肉比无显著影响（P＞0.05）。与Ⅰ组相比，Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组獭兔平均日增重分别提高1.65％（P＞0.05），5.77％（P＞0.05），11.48％（p＜0.05）和5.57％（P＞0.05）。其中Ⅲ、Ⅳ组与Ⅴ组间差异不显著（P＞0.05）。（2）日粮中添加植酸酶显著降低了獭兔粪磷排泄量。与Ⅴ组相比，Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组粪总磷分别降低28.24％（P＜0.01）、30.59％（P＜0.01）、42.35％（P＜0.01）、47.00％（P＜0.01），其中Ⅳ组与Ⅰ组差异显著（P＜0.05）；粪植酸磷分别降低11.1％（P＞0.05）、19.4％（P＞0.05）、25％（P＜0.05）、33.3％（P＜0.01），其中Ⅳ组显著低于其它三组（P＜0.01）；粪钙含量Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组无显著差异，其中Ⅳ组最低，较Ⅴ组降低19.08％（P＜0.05）。随着植酸酶水平的增高，粪锌，锰的含量均有不同程度的降低，粪铜含量则呈上升趋势，但差异均不显著（P＞0.05）。（3）日粮中添加植酸酶可以改善獭兔对磷的利用率。Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组与Ⅰ组相比，总磷的表观消化率分别提高17.33％（P＞0.05），39.90％（P＜0.05），47.67％（P＜0.01），其中Ⅲ、Ⅳ与Ⅴ组间差异不显著（P＞0.05）；Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组植酸磷的表观消化率分别较Ⅰ组提高31.58％（P＜0.05），52.81％（P＜0.01），65.92％（P＜0.01），比Ⅴ组提高23.21％（P＞0.05），43.09％（P＜0.05），55.36％（P＜0.01）；随着植酸酶和磷水平的提高，钙和蛋白质的表观消化率也有所提高，但未达显著水平（P＞0.05）。（4）Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组胫骨灰分含量较Ⅰ组有不同程度提高，其中以Ⅳ组最高（P＜0.05），与Ⅴ相比差异不显著（P＞0.05）。胫骨铜含量随着植酸酶的添加呈明显的降低趋势，Ⅳ组显著低于Ⅴ组（P＜0.05），与其它处理组间差异不显著（P＞0.05）。各组獭兔胫骨骨骼强度，胫骨中钙、磷、锌、锰含量和肝中铜、铁、锌、锰含量均无显著差异（P＞0.05）。（5）日粮中添加植酸酶对獭兔血清钙、血清磷、血清碱性磷酸酶、屠宰性能和毛皮品质均无显著影响（P＞0.05）。 试验二：选取3月龄左右体重相近的健康獭兔40只，随机分成4组。采用2×2因子试验。对照组饲喂基础日粮，其它三组分别在基础日粮中添加600U／Kg植酸酶，1800IU／KgVD₃，600U／Kg植酸酶+1800IU／KgVD₃，研究植酸酶和VD₃协同作用对 日粮中添加植酸酶和VD。对獭兔生产性能及营养物质利用率的影响獭兔生产性能和营养物质利用率的影响。结果表明：（二）与对照组相比，植酸酶组和VD；组平均日增重均略有提高（P＞0．05），植酸酶＋VD3组显著提高（P＜0．05），但其协同作用未达显著水平（P＞0．05）。各组之间采食量和料肉比均无显著差异 （P＞0．05）。（2）植酸酶组和 VD。组总磷、植酸磷表观消化率较对照组均有显著提高 （P＜0．01）；日粮中同时添加植酸酶和VD3的效果优于单独添加植酸酶或VD3组，但其协同作用未达统计学显著水平（P＞0．05）；各组间钙、粗蛋白消化率无显著差异 （P）0．05)。（3）血清磷浓度植酸酶组和 VD。组较对照组均有不同程度提高（P）0．05)，植酸酶＋VD3组较对照组显著提高（P＜0．05）。血清碱性磷酸酶和血清钙各组之间无显著差异（P）0．05)。（4）胜骨强度、胚骨灰分含量植酸酶组和VD。组较对照组均有所提高，但差异均不显著（P＞0．05），植酸酶＋VD。组胚骨强度和腥骨灰分含量较对照组均有显著提高（P＜0．05）；各组间腔骨铜、铁、锌、锰含量均无显著差异（P＞0．05）。更多还原

【Abstract】 Two experiments were conducted with German-American crossbred growing rex-rabbits, to investigate the effects of supplementing lower phosphorus diet with either phytase,vitamin D3 (VD3),or their combination, on the performance and nutritive avlability by Rex-rabbits.In experiment 1,50 healthy rex-rabbits of three-month old approximate weight were assigned randomly into 5 group for a 6-week trial.The basical diet was composed of low-phosphorus.containing no phytase or dicalcium phosphate(CaHPO4), I, II, III, IV, V group was fed with basical diets adding 0, 400, 600, 800U/Kg phytase and 1.8 % CaHPO4 respectively. The main results obtained were showed as follows: (1) Dietary phytase had promoted the average daily gain but had no obvious effect on the average daily feed intake and the feed-meat ratio of rabbits(p>0.05).In comparison to I group , the average daily gain of group II, III, IV, V increased by 1.65%(p>0. 05), 5. 77%(p>0. 05), 11. 48%(p<0. 05) and 5. 57%(p>0. 05), among all the groups, III, IV group had no significant difference compared with V group(p>0.05).(2) Dietary phytase remarkably reduced the excretion of phosphorus :Compared with V group.the excretion of total phosphorus(TP) of I , II, III, IV groups decreased by 28.24%(P’<0.01), 30.59%(P<0.01), 42.35%(P<0.01), 47.00%(P<0.01) respectively and it was shown obvious difference bewteen group I and IV (P<0.05); the excretion of phytate phosphorus(PP) decreased by 11.1% (P>0.05), 19.4% (P>0.05), 25% (P<0.05), 33.3% (P<0.01) ,respectively,the fourth group was much lower than other three groups (P<0.01); the calcium(Ca) excretion of I, II,III, IV groups were in the downward trend.the fourth group was the lowest,reduced by 19.08% compared with group V (.P<0.05), however other groups had no significant difference compared withV group(p>0.05); The increasing level of dietary phytase decreased the excretion of Zinc(Zn), Manganese(Mn)and increased the excretion of Copper(Cu),but the difference among all the groups was not significant (P>0.05); (3)Supplemental phytase remarkably increased the utilization of phosphorus: Compared with I group.the apparent digestibilities of TP of group IK III, IV increased by 17.33% (P>0.05) ,39.90% (P<0.05),47.67%(P<0.01), but the differences between III, IV, V were not obviously (P>0.05) ; the apparent digestibilities of PP increased by 31.58% (P<0.05), 52.81 % (P<0.01), 65.92% (P<0.01), the PP apparent digestibilities of these groups increased by 23.21% (P>0.05) , 43.09% (P<0.05) , 55.36% (P<0.01) compared with group V; With the increasing level of dietary phytase and with adding inorganic sources in the diets,the apparent digestibilities of Ca,CP increased slightly also (P>0.05) .(4)The tibial ash content of II. III, IV groups were improved remarkably compared with I group, the fourth group was the highest,but it had no obvious difference compared with V group(p>0.05); With the increasing level of dietary phytase,the tibia Cu content of II, III, IV groups were in the down trend, the tibia Cu content of IV groups was much lower than that of V group (pO.05),but had no significant difference compared with the other groups(p>0.05); Among all the groups, there were no significant difference in the tibial Ca,P,Zn,Mn content and the tibial strength as well as the liver Cu,iron(Fe),Zn,Mn content (p>0.05). (5) Phytase Supplementation had no obvious effect on the level of serum calcium and serum phosphorus, the activities of alkaline phosphatase in the serum ,slaughting performance and the carcass qualities (P>0.05) .In experiment 2, 40 healthy rex-rabbits of three-month old approximate weight were assigned randomly into 4 group for a 6-week trial .This experiments was arranged as a 2 X 2 factorial to determine the effects of phytase and VDa.alone and in combination ,on performance and nutrient avalability by growing Rex Rabbits. The basical diet was composed of low-phosphorus,containing no phytase and VDs.The control group was fed with basical diet,the others were fed with basical diets adding 600U/Kg phytase, 1800IU/Kg VD更多还原