【作者】 马学会；

【导师】 黄仁录； 黄玉亭；

【作者基本信息】 河北农业大学 ， 动物营养与饲料科学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 大豆黄酮是一种异黄酮类植物雌激素，其不仅具有抗氧化、降低胆固醇、提高动物机体免疫力、促进繁殖性能等生理功能，其它外源性雌激素比，还具有毒性低的优点。本论文研究了日粮添加大豆黄酮对海兰褐产蛋鸡蛋壳品质、骨代谢、内分泌、生产性能和免疫功能的影响，为其在家禽生产中的应用提供理论和实际依据。 试验一选择健康、体重相近的60周龄海兰褐产蛋鸡144只，随机分成4个处理，每个处理设4个重复。以玉米-豆粕-杂粕型日粮为基础日粮，对照组饲喂基础日粮，各试验组分别在基础日粮中添加10，20，30mg／kg大豆黄酮。试验过程中，记录产蛋率、耗料量等；试验结束时，取蛋样、采血样测定各项指标。试验结果表明：①日粮添加大豆黄酮可以改善产蛋鸡蛋壳品质。与对照组比，所有添加大豆黄酮组蛋壳厚度和蛋壳重均提高；蛋壳厚度提高极显著（P＜0.01），蛋壳重提高显著（P＜0.05），10mg／kgDa组，蛋壳厚度和蛋壳重均达到最大值：30mg／kgDa组，破蛋率降到最低（P＜0.05）。②日粮添加大豆黄酮10～20mg／kg对骨代谢有明显效果。大豆黄酮各添加组骨密度、血钙升高，AKP活性下降，10mg／kgDa组，血清钙比对照组升高23.16％，差异显著（P＜0.05）；20mg／kgDa组，骨密度最大（P＜0.05），AKP活性最低（P＜0.05）。③大豆黄酮对内分泌激素有影响。大豆黄酮不同添加水平血液中T₃，T₄含量均升高。T₃含量随添加量升高而呈上升趋势，与对照组相比，均变化明显（P＜0.05）；当添加大豆黄酮10mg／kg时，T₄含量比对照组提高33.81％，差异显著（P＜0.05），IGF-1含量升高，与对照比差异显著（P＜0.05）；当添加20mg／kg时，T₃、T₄含量分别比对照组高26.19％（P＜0.05），40.03％（P＜0.01）；当添加30mg／kg时，T₃含量达到最大值，比对照组提高32.53％（P＜0.05）；E₂含量变化均不显著（P＞0.05）。④日粮添加大豆黄酮可提高产蛋后期鸡生产性能。10mg／kgDa组，蛋重升高到最大（P＜0.05），且耗料量和料蛋比降到最低（P＜0.05）；添加20mg／kg大豆黄酮时，产蛋率比对照组升高14.56％（P＜0.05）。 试验二选择健康、体重相近的50周龄海兰褐产蛋鸡144只，随机分成4个处理，每个处理设4个重复。日粮与试验分组情况同试验一。试验结束时测定T淋巴细胞数量和ND－HI抗体滴度，并计算免疫器官指数。试验结果表明，20gMDa组显著提高产蛋鸡的脾脏指数（P＜O．OS），并提高产蛋鸡＊＊－＊1抗体滴度；30n昭以gDa组，显著提高鸡＊Dm抗体滴度（P＜0．05），并提高产蛋鸡的脾脏指数；随添加量增加E玫瑰花环百分率有升高趋势（P＞0．05）。所以，日粮添加大豆黄酮可提高产蛋鸡体液免疫功能，对细胞免疫功能有提高趋势。更多还原

【Abstract】 Daidzein is isoflavonic phytoestrogen. It not only could help people resist cancer and oxidation, reduce the content of cholesterol, but could help animal improve immune function and breed performance, and daidzein have the advantage of lower toxicity. The experiment conducted with Hy-line brown laying hens to study the effect of diet supplemented daidzein on eggshell quality, bone metabolism, endocrine, production performance and immune function in laying hens. Those provide the academic and practical basis for the application of daidzein using in poultry production.144 sixty-week-old Hy-line brown laying hens were randomized into 4 treatments, with four replications per treatment. The control hens were raised basal diet consisting of a corn-soybean -mixed meal, and trials were supplemented with 10, 20 and 30 mg/kg daidzein. Egg laying rate and feed consumption were noted during the experiment; egg samples and serum samples were collected to determine at the finally of experiment. The results showed as follows: (1)Diet supplemented daidzein improved eggshell quality. Compared to control, eggshell thickness enhanced (P<0.01)in all trials supplemented daidzein. Eggshell weight was increased (P<0.05), and eggshell thickness and eggshell weight increased to the highest in the treatment of l0mg/kgDa; eggshell broken rate decreased to the lowest (P<0.05), eggshell thickness enhanced (P<0.01) with 30mg/kgDa. (2)Bone mineral density (BMD) and serum calcium were advanced, AKP activity was decreased in all trials supplemented with daidzein. Serum calcium increased by 23.16% (P<0.05) with 10mg/kg Da; BMD was the highest (P<0.05), AKP activity was the lowest (P<0.05) at the dose of 20mg/kg. Diet supplemented with 10~20mg/kg daidzein affected bone metabolism.(3)Diet supplemented daidzein affected endocrine of laying hens. The contents of T3, T4 and IGF-1 in difference trials supplemented with daidzein are higher than the control. The content of T3 was higher with more daidzein, but the difference is not significant (P>0.05); IGF-1 was the highest (P<0.05)with l0mg/kg Da; T4 wasincreased by 40.03% (P<0.01), and the change of E2was not significant(P>0.05).(4) Diet supplemented daidzein diet affected producing performance. Egg weight was the highest (P<0.05), and feed consumption and feed/egg ratio decreased (P<0.05) at the dose of 10 mg/kg; the egg laying rate fed diet containing 20mg/kg of daidzein markedly higher by 14.56%(P<0.01).144 fifty-week-old Hy-line brown laying hens were randomized into 4 treatments, with four replications per treatment. The control hens were raised basal diet consisting of a corn-soybean -mixed meal, and trials were supplemented with 10, 20 and 30 mg/kg daidzein. At the finally, serum samples were collected for further assessing of numbers of T lymphocyte and layer’s ND-HI liters. Spleens were separated for counting immune apparatus index. Results showed that spleen index (P<0.05). ND-HI titers and ERFC (P>0.05) of laying hens improved with 20mg/kgDa; ND-HI titers were enhanced significantly (P<0.05). and spleen index and ERFC (P>0.05) heightened at the dose of 30mg/kg. So diet supplemented daidzein improved humoral immune function , and cell immune function was more higher with more supplement.更多还原