【作者】 李明；

【导师】 黄大庄； 高宝嘉； 李淑丽；

【作者基本信息】 河北农业大学 ， 森林保护， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 红脂大小蠹(Dendroctonus valens LeConte)是1998年在山西省首次发现的危害油松(Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.)的大小蠹属的森林害虫。该害虫危害发展迅速，几年内已发展到周边的河北和河南两省，对我国华北和西北的松树资源造成严重的威胁。为迅速遏制该害虫的成灾发生和今后的有效防治，以及配合国家工程治理项目的实施有必要进行红脂大小蠹生物生态学特性的基本研究。在近三年研究的基础上，通过野外观察试验及室内各虫态饲养相结合，对红脂大小蠹的生物学、生态学特性及防治措施研究进行了探讨。掌握了在邢台市太行山行家峪林区发生为1a1代或2a3代；各虫态历期分别为成虫历期60d～90d；卵历期10d～11d；幼虫历期70d～90d；蛹历期12d。红脂大小蠹成虫白天扬飞，夜晚不活动，而潜伏于蛀孔或寄主树木周围的土层中。越冬的成虫于4月中旬开始扬飞，5月中旬为盛期，至6月中下旬出孔扬飞基本结束。成虫产卵期始于5月上旬，6月中下旬为产卵盛期，6月下旬及7月上旬为卵孵化盛期。9月上旬新一代成虫开始出孔扬飞。此阶段，新羽化成虫除小部分在条件适合的条件下扬飞侵树，90％直接在树皮或根皮进入越冬阶段。越冬的老熟幼虫化蛹始见于5月中旬，6月中下旬为化蛹盛期，6月中下旬成虫开始羽化。初羽化成虫在出孔扬飞前有10d～20d的成熟期。随后7月上中旬开始产卵，8月中旬为盛期，至9月下旬解剖仍可观察到正产卵期虫。卵于7月下旬开始孵化，8月中旬为盛期，最终90％又以老熟幼虫和2龄～3龄幼虫越冬，一小部分在条件适合的情况下化蛹、羽化为成虫越冬。蛹期共蜕皮两次，两次蜕皮间隔4d～5d；红脂大小蠹在产卵期交尾一次或多次，每天产卵8粒～10粒；成虫全年有2个扬飞高峰期分别为5月和7月～9月；红脂大小蠹发生一般林缘重于林内，阴坡重于阳坡，山谷重于山坡，郁闭度小的林分重于郁闭度大的林分；红脂大小蠹不喜在高温或太阳强光直射下活动，在32℃太阳直射外界环境下短时间内死亡；红脂大小蠹寄生的树木和新伐桩有分层抽样的必要及其空间分布格局经拟合为负二项聚集分布。再者，作者在防治方面尤其在线虫、真菌和信息素上的应用进行了一定的探讨，其中线虫室内实验中筛选出对红脂大小蠹幼虫致死率高的两种线虫；化学防治措施中注药、喷树干及毒签对该害虫致死率均达到75％以上。更多还原

【Abstract】 The red turpentine beetles (Dendroctonus valens LeConte) is forest pest expand speedily which was firstly detected in Shanxi province in 1998. In recent years, it had spread to Hebei and Henan provinces and threatened pines to damage them in north and northwest in China. To control the pest and carry out the management project, the biology and ecology of the red turpentine beetles in China need be researched. Based on the investigation for three years , its biology , ecology and control measure were studied with observations in field and feeding in laboratory. The beetle occurs with one generation in one year or three generations in two years; the period of adult is 60 to 90 days; the egg period is 10 to 11 days; the larva period is 70 to 90 days and the pupae period is 12 days. The adults fly in daytime and rest in tunnel or soil surrounding ground of host tree at night. The overwintered adult begin to fly in the middle ten days of April, the flourishing period appears in the middle ten days of May and its flying is over at the end of June. The pest begin to lay eggs in the first ten days of May, the flourishing period appears in the late ten days of June, the peak period of hatching emerges in the last ten days of June to the first ten days of July. The new generation began to fly in the first ten days of September. In this period, the new adult partly fly to attack the pine when the exterior condition is adaptive, but 90 percent of new adults live through the winter in tunnel. The overwintered elder larvas started to pupate in the middle ten days of May, the peak period of pupaion in the middle or late ten days of June, and then the adults began to emerge. There is a maturation stage of 10 to 20 days before the new adult fly off from hole. Then in the first ten days of July the new adult begin to lay eggs, the peak period appears in the middle ten days of August, the eggs could be seen in the last ten days of September. The eggs begin to hatch in the last ten days of July, the flourishing period of hatch in the middle ten days of August, 90 percent of the them overwinter with elder and second or third instar larva, the others overwinter with adults when the condition is adaptive. The pupa exuviate twice with an interval 4 to 5 days; the adult mate once or more times duringlaying eggs, it laid 8 to 10 eggs everyday; there are two flying summit period in May and July to September; the beetles damage trees at the edge of stand than that inner of stand, and the trees on the north side of the hill were damaged more several than that on the sourth side of the hill, the trees of valley were damaged more than trees of hillside, trees of the low canopy density were invaded more than that of the high canopy density; the red turpentine beetles don’ t like activity under the high temperature or strong ray, the adult died in a shout time when it was placed in the condition of 32 ; It is necessity that stratified sampling is used to investigate to the trees and the new stumps, and the spatial distributing pattern of the red turpentine beetles was Negative Binomial Distribution. And the control measure especially the application of eelwomu fungus and pheromone were approached; Two kinds of eelworm were selected to control the red turpentine beetles in laboratory; the mortality of the beetle could reach 75 percent when the insecticid to be used with pouring in trunk, spraying and inserting the noxious stick in the tunnal were used.更多还原