【作者】 高志华；

【导师】 葛会波；

【作者基本信息】 河北农业大学 ， 果树学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 本试验从草莓连作障碍的致病机理入手研究了根系分泌物和植株腐解物对草莓的影响，并对草莓连作障碍的防治方法进行了比较，试验结果如下： 1．本试验以“全明星”生根试管苗为材料，1/2MS培养基为基质，设根系分泌物50％和100％两个浓度处理，以加蒸馏水为对照，在无菌条件下采用组织培养技术分析根系分泌物对草莓的影响。结果表明，根系分泌物显著抑制了植株的生长，降低了SOD酶活性、叶绿素含量和根系活力，增加了MDA含量和细胞质膜相对透性，使草莓抗病性下降。根系分泌物对草莓的影响随浓度的增加而增大。表明草莓根系分泌物能够引起草莓连作障碍。 2．本试验以“全明星”生根试管苗为材料，1/2MS培养基为基质，设草莓根茬土腐解液、根系腐解液和茎叶腐解液各6种，每种腐解液设50％和100％两个浓度处理，以蒸馏水为对照，采用组织培养方法分析了在无菌条件下各种腐解液对草莓生长和生理活性的影响。结果发现，经根系腐解液和茎叶腐解液处理过的草莓的株高、根长、株鲜重和根鲜重均显著低于对照，SOD酶活性、叶绿素含量和根系活力降低，MDA含量和细胞质膜相对透性增加，与对照比差异显著；同一植株腐解液对草莓的影响随浓度的增加而增大；还发现，腐解3个或6个月的茎叶腐解液对草莓的障碍效应最大，腐解1或3个月的根系腐解液和腐解1个月的茎叶腐解液次之，腐解6个月的根系腐解液较小，根茬土无论腐解时间的长短与否，对草莓没有显著影响。表明草莓植株腐解作用与草莓连作障碍有着直接或间接关系。 3．以“丰香”脱毒苗为材料，连续生长3年草莓的土壤为基质，设38％甲醛与高锰酸钾混合消毒土壤、太阳热消毒土壤、38％甲醛与高锰酸钾混合消毒土壤+丛枝菌根菌Glomus mosseae(简称GM)、太阳热消毒土壤+GM、38％甲醛与高锰酸钾混合消毒土壤+Mycokick菌剂、太阳热消毒土壤+Mycokick菌剂、38％甲醛与高锰酸钾混合消毒土壤+AS818菌剂、太阳热消毒土壤+AS818菌剂、太阳热消毒土壤+防根透水膜、太阳热消毒土壤+Mycokick菌剂+防根透水膜、太阳热消毒土壤+AS818菌剂+防根透水膜和溴甲烷消毒土壤12个处理，以未消毒土壤不接种为对照，对连作草莓生长及生理活性进行分析，对单株产量、植株死亡率和相对防效进行调查，发现各处理在不同程度上促进了连作草莓的生长，改善了生理活性。太阳热消毒土壤+防根透水膜的株干重比对照提高160.00％。太阳热消毒土壤+Mycokick菌剂+防根透水膜的叶面积、叶柄长、株干重和根干重与对照比分别提高了333.33％、101.96％、192.55％和205.86％，与对照比单株产量提高76.07％，植株死亡率降低157.41％，相对防效为64.24％，差异显著。由此可见，防根透水膜在一定程度上减轻了土壤害虫及线虫对草葛根系的危害。结果表明在太阳热消毒土壤中铺设防根透水膜接种Myokiok菌剂是防治草菜连作障碍的有效方法。4．分析根系分泌物、植株腐解物、丛枝菌根菌、MyCOkiCk菌剂、AS818菌剂和防根透水膜对连作草萄叶片叶绿素含量和SOD酶活性的影响，并结合草英连作障碍的防治效果，发现叶绿素含量和SOD酶活性与草萄抗连作障碍有明显的相关性，表明叶绿素含量和超氧化物歧化酶活性相结合有可能作为鉴定草益抗连作障碍的生理生化指标。更多还原

【Abstract】 Effects of roots exudates (RE) and decomposing matter of strawberry plants on rooting plant in vitro of strawberry were studied, and the methods of controlling the replant disease of strawberry were compared. Main achievements were as follows:1. The tissue culture methods were used to analyze the effects of roots exudates on rooting plant in vitro of strawberry (cv. Allstar). 50% RE and 100% RE were supplied in the 1/2 MS medium. Results showed that RE remarkably restrained the growth of rooting strawberry plants, reduced SODase activities, chlorophyll content and root TTC reducing activities, increased cell membrane relative permeability in leaves of rooting plants, and decreased the resistant ability of strawberry plants to the disease. Moreover, The higher concentration of RE supplied in the medium was, the bigger effects on rooting plant were. Therefore, it can be concluded that RE of strawberry was one of the factors inducing replant disease in strawberries.2. The effects of plant decomposing liquid on rooting plant in vitro of strawberry were also studied under tissue culture conditions. The results showed that rooting strawberry plants treated by plant decomposing liquid had lower plant height, shorter length of root, slighter plant fresh weight and root fresh weight, weaker SODase activities and root TTC reducing activities, lower chlorophyll content, higher MDA content and bigger cell membrane relative permeability in leaves of rooting plant than that treated by distilled water. The higher concentration of the same plant decomposing liquid added to culture medium was, the more obvious these effects were. In addition, effects on strawberry of three or six months decomposing liquid of the mixture of stem and leaf were biggest, that of one-month or three months root decomposing liquid and one-month decomposing liquid of the mixture of stem and leaf were bigger than that of six months root decomposing liquid. But the decomposing liquid of the strawberry replanted soil hadn’t any significant influence on strawberry, despite how long the decomposing time was. Therefore, it was found out that the decomposing matter of strawberry plants was related to replant disease in strawberries.3. In this part of the experiment, different methods of controlling strawberry replanting diseases were compared on the soil with continuous 3 years cropping of strawberry (cv. Toyonoka). The soil treatments were soil sterilized with the mixture of 38% Formaparison and Potassium permanganate, soil sterilized with solar heat and unsterilized soil. Strawberry plants were inoculated with Glomous mosseae, Mycokick, AS818. In addition,another treatment was tested with root protecting membrane buried in the sterilized solar heated soil. The unsterilized soil and uninoculated strawberry plants were used as control. The results showed that the above controlling methods of replant disease in strawberries not only improved the growth, but also enhanced the physiological activities of replanted strawberries. Soil sterilized with solar heat + root protecting membrane increased dry weight of plant by 160.00% compared to control. Soil sterilized with solar heat+ Mycokick+ root protecting membrane could remarkably increase leaf area, length of petiole, height of plant and length of root by 333.33%, I01.96%192.55% and 205.83% respectively; enhance yield per plant by 76.07%, reduce death rate of planting by 157.41%; improve relative controlling effect by 64.24% as compared with control, respectively. It could be summarized that the root protecting membrane could lighten injury of pest and nematode in the soil to the strawberry plants and soil sterilized with solar heat+ Mycokick + root protecting membrane could significantly improve resistant ability of strawberry plants to the replant disease.4. Effects of RE, plant decomposing matter, Glomus mosseae, Mycokick, ASS 18 and root protecting membrane on chlorophyll content and SODase activities in leaves of replanted strawberry were studied, and the effects of all kinds of更多还原