【作者】 彭艳芳；

【导师】 刘孟军；

【作者基本信息】 河北农业大学 ， 果树学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 以冬枣、金丝小枣、赞皇大枣、无核小枣、圆铃枣、梨枣、敦煌大枣和大酸枣等8个品种为试材，分别对枣果的干物质、糖类、膳食纤维、有机酸、维生素C和矿质元素含量进行了全生育期动态测定，并采用多个处理对鲜枣货架期进行了研究。主要试验结果如下： 1 糖类 采用HPLC方法对糖类的测定结果表明，枣中游离单糖为果糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖、鼠李糖和阿拉伯糖。枣果的各个发育阶段以果糖所占比例最大，其次是葡萄糖和半乳糖，鼠李糖和阿拉伯糖含量很低。果糖、葡萄糖和半乳糖在枣果的发育前期含量增加，但随着枣果的成熟含量有所下降；多糖的含量随枣果成熟呈递增趋势；多糖的酸水解单糖为鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、果糖、葡萄糖、甘露糖和半乳糖，其中甘露糖、鼠李糖和阿拉伯糖在枣果半红期才检测出，但含量低；其它单糖的含量随果实发育呈递增趋势。 2 膳食纤维 冬枣与金丝小枣粗膳食纤维的变化情况虽有所差别，但总趋势是一致的，都表现为花期最高，随着枣果发育逐渐降低；金丝小枣粗膳食纤维的含量白熟期以后又稍有回升，而冬枣粗膳食纤维的含量9月6日左右降至最低，之后呈逐渐上升趋势，白熟期以后又稍有下降。同品种枣果中可溶性膳食纤维含量在坐果期最高，随果实成熟含量逐渐降低；不可溶性膳食纤维含量均表现为幼果期含量最高，随果实成熟含量降低。 4 干物质 冬枣与金丝小枣干物质的变化情况虽有所差别，但总趋势是一致的，即花期含量最高，坐果期迅速下降，随着果实发育，含量又逐渐上升。 6 有机酸 各品种枣果中有机酸含量存在一定差异，总趋势是花期含量高，坐果后迅速降低，随着枣果成熟含量逐渐升高。 7 维生素C 各品种枣果中维生素C含量存在一定差异，但均表现为坐果后较高，白熟期达到最高，随着成熟度增高含量又下降。（鲜样） 8 矿质元素 采用原子吸收方法对矿质元素的研究表明，枣果中钙、锌、铁在花期含量最高，其中锌和铁从幼果到果实成熟变化不大，但钙含量有所降低。 9 货架期 对不同存放条件下冬枣的外观及形态变化的观察发现，以脆果率80％以上为标准，室温下未装袋的各处理之间无明显差别，货架期均在7天左右。室温下保鲜袋中各处理的冬枣货架期在20天左右，其中949处理的货架期达到29天。29天时，酸性水、植酸利CLO₂三个处理的效果均不及对照。冷藏未装袋条件下，各处理冬枣的货架期至少为30大，其中果亮/保鲜剂处理的货架期达到40天。冷藏条件下保鲜袋中冬枣的保鲜效果以949处理最好，贮藏94天时949处理的脆果率为30％，高出对照3倍左右，而其它处理与对照相差无几。更多还原

【Abstract】 The fruit nutrition including sugar, organic acid, dietary fiber, pectin, cellulose, vitamin C, and mineral elements of 6 cultivars of Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.), "Dongzao", "Jinsixiaozao", "Zanhuangdazao", "Wuhexiaozao", "Yuanlingdazao", "Linyilizao" , "Dunhuangdazao" and "Dasuanzao" were analyzed. In addition, the shelf life under different conditions of Z. jujuba cv. Dongzao were studied. The main results are as follows:1 Sugar: The dissociate monosaccharide of Chinese jujube fruit consists of glucose, fructose, galactose, rhamnose and arabinose. During the whole period of fruit development the content of fructose kept the highest, then galactose and mamnose, the contents of rhamnose and arabinose kept the lowest. The contents of glucose, fructose and mamnose increased with fruit development but decreased during fruit maturation. The polysaccharide was composed of glucose, fructose, rhamnose, galactose, arabinose, mamnose. Among them rhamnose, arabinose, mamnose were found but very low after fruit became half-red, the others kept increasing with fruit development.2 Dry substances: The content of dry substance is high in flower and mature fruit, low in young fruit.3 Crude fiber: The content of dry substance is high in flower and mature fruit, low in young fruit.4 Souluble fiber: The content of pectin is highest in fruit-setting stage and then slowly decreased.5 Insouluble fiber: The content of cellulose is highest in young fruit, and then decreased constantly.6 Organic acid: The common tendency of the variation of organic acid content was that highest in flower, lowest in young fruit, increasing with fruit maturation.7 Vitamin C: The vitamin C content of fruit is high in fruit-set period, highest in white-ripe period, and decreased from white-ripe period to full-red period.8 Mineral elements: The contents of calcium, iron and zinc were highest in flower. There were no obvious differences between young fruit and mature fruit in the content ofzinc and iron. But the content of calcium was much higher in young fruit than in mature fruit.9 Shelt life: In room temperature, the shelf life of Ziziphus jujuba cv. Dongzao was about 20 days in fresh-keeping bag, but only about fresh-keeping bag and 949 (28 days). In the condition of 0 , the shelf life of "Dongzao" without bag was about 60 days. 949 treatment can significantly elongate the shelf life.更多还原