【作者】 李鹏丽；

【导师】 毛永民；

【作者基本信息】 河北农业大学 ， 果树学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 以20个品种的枣实生苗为试材，对其植物学性状、生物学习性以及部分品种的枝条、叶片的解剖结构等进行了研究，分析其遗传动态。主要研究结果如下： 1．枣实生后代在枝干、叶片、针刺等性状上均表现出较大程度的分离，部分品种间差异达显著或极显著水平。 2．枣实生后代一年生时即可开花，二年生时各品种后代的平均开花株率达51.0％，大部分品种后代可以结果。不同品种实生苗开花、坐果株率差异较大；果实的大小和果形都存在较大的分离；果核的核尖有很大程度的退化，形状偏圆。 3．冬枣实生苗二年生时叶片大小仍显著小于亲本值，叶形指数比亲本明显降低。单株间叶片以单叶面积和叶柄长变异较大，叶形指数变异最小。 4．实生后代叶片气孔为“无规则型”，只分布于叶片下表皮，具有发达的气孔下室。叶片气孔大小和密度株间变异较小，气孔密度与植株生长势呈显著正相关，与亲本相比气孔面积和气孔长／宽有所增大。 5．冬枣实生后代叶片为典型的旱生植物叶，叶表具有厚角质层，叶脉及叶肉中含有大量的晶簇、粘液等后含物，叶片结构各指标变异较小，其中海绵组织比例、栅海比与生长势呈显著负相关。 6．枣实生苗一年生枝条韧皮部富含厚壁纤维细胞，皮层和髓心中分布有各种内含物细胞。冬枣三种组合后代单株间枝条的髓心粗、髓心比例、皮材比等性状都有较大程度的变异。冬枣×尖枣和冬枣×金丝小枣后代间二次枝皮材比和皮部所占比例有显著或极显著差异。当年生冬枣实生后代生长势与一年生枝条木质部比例、皮材比呈显著负相关 7．一年生不同品种枣实生后代枝条解剖性状各指标中二次枝的变异普遍大于一次枝，其中二次枝的皮材比和髓心大小变异最大。品种间以九月青、冬枣和垣曲枣实生后代的一次枝条解剖性状总体变异较大，黎城小枣和尖枣实生后代的变异最小。更多还原

【Abstract】 The characteristics of the Chinese jujube seedlings with twenty cultivars were investigated. The main results are as follows:1. Most botanical characteristics, including primary and secondary branches, fruit braches, spines and so on, present obvious segregation in different Chinese jujube seedlings. Some of the characteristics of seedlings of various cultivars have dramatic or very dramatic difference.2. One-year-old seedlings can bloom, the ratio of blooming ones reach 51.0 per cent when they are two years old and most of the seedlings can fruit at this time. The number and proportion of the flowering and fruiting seedlings with different cultivars varied significantly. The size and shape of the fruit have great segregation in different seedlings. The beak of the stone is deteriorating dramatically with the trend of roundness.3. The size and shape index of the leaf are dramatically lower than parents’ average value. Among different seedlings, the area and the petiole of the leaves make a relatively drastic variation, and the one of the shape index is the smallest.4.The stomata of the seedlings that only locate in the hypodermis possess large camber and have an irregular appearance. The variation of the size and density of the leaf is slight in different seedlings. The density of the stomata and the vigor of tree have a dramatically positive relationship. Comparing with the parents’ average value, the size and the ratio of length vs. width of the stomata is larger in the seedlings.5.The leaf of the seedlings of Dongzao is a typical xerophil one, with thicker keratose in the epidermis of the leaf, higher proportion content in the leaf and the vein. Different index of the leaf structure varied inapparently, the vigor of tree, the ratio of spongy parenchyma and the ratio of palisade vs. spongy has a dramatically negative relationship.6.Thick-wall fibrous cell is rich in the phloem of the one-year-old seedlings. Various content cells are distributed in cortex and pith. The characteristics of the size of pith, the ratio of pith and the ratio of tegument vs. xylem have drastic variation among the three hybrid combinations of Dongzao seedlings. The ratio of tegument vs. xylem and the proportion of the tegument of the secondary branches have a dramatic or very dramatic difference in the combination of Dongzao X Jianzao and Dongzao X Jinsixiaozao. The vigor of tree and the proportion of the xylem of the branch have a dramatically negative relationship in the one-year-old Dongzao seedlings.7.The indexes of anatomic structure of one-year-old seedlings of different cultivars shows that the variation of the secondary branches is larger than the primary ones, among which the variation of the ratio of the tegument vs. xylem and the size of pith are the most drastic ones. Refer to the variation of the primary branches’ anatomic structure, Jiuyueqing, Dongzao and Yuanquzao are the largest three, and Lichengxiaozao and Jianzao are the smallest two.更多还原