【作者】 彭学文；

【导师】 朱杰华； 董金皋；

【作者基本信息】 河北农业大学 ， 植物病理学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究从2001年7月～2002年12月在马铃薯生长期、贮存期分别在河北省的承德、张家口、秦皇岛、唐山、保定、石家庄、沧州、衡水、邢台和邯郸进行马铃薯病害调杳，并分别在以上时期在各地进行采样、分离、鉴定。 通过调查在河北省共发现了5种真菌性病害，即：干腐病、枯萎病、茎基腐病、晚疫病和早疫病。干腐病主要分布在张家口、承德、保定、石家庄、邯郸、；马铃薯枯萎病分布在唐山、秦皇岛、沧州、邯郸；黑痣病分布在承德、唐山、石家庄、邢台和邯郸；晚疫病分布在保定阜平、邯郸武安和承德围场县；早疫病分布在承德、张家口、秦皇岛、唐山、保定、沧州、石家庄、衡水、邢台和邯郸。同时，在调查中发现了2种细菌性病害，即：软腐病、疮痂病和5种病毒病，即：马铃薯X病毒病、马铃薯Y病毒病、马铃薯潜隐花叶病毒病、马铃薯皱缩花叶病毒病和马铃薯卷叶病毒病。马铃薯软腐病主要分布于承德、唐山、石家庄和邯郸；马铃薯疮痂病主要分布于承德、唐山、秦皇岛和邯郸。马铃薯病毒病在承德、秦皇岛、唐山、保定、石家庄和邯郸均有分布。 通过对河北省马铃薯真菌性病害的病原进行鉴定，共鉴定出7种病原菌，即：Fusarium solani、Fusarium moniliforme、Fusarium oxysporum、Fusarium semiteatum、Alternaria solani、Phytophthora infestans、Rhizoctonia solani。 采用生长速率测定法测定了50％多菌灵WP、70％代森锰锌WP、1.5％多抗霉素WP、40％菌核净WP、80％大生M-45 WP5种药剂在不同浓度下对5个重要病原真菌的室内抑菌效果。结果表明：50％多菌灵WP、80％大生M-45WP、70％代森锰锌WP和40％菌核净WP对立枯丝核菌的抑菌效果很好，在浓度为5×10^-4g／mL、2.5×10^-5g／mL、5×10^-5g／mL和5×10^-5g／mL时，抑制率均为100％。70％代森锰锌WP、80％大生M-45和40％菌核净WP对茄链格孢的抑菌效果好，在浓度依次为2.5×10^-4g／mL、5×10^-4g／mL、5×10^-5g／mL时，对茄链格孢的抑制率均为100％。50％多菌灵WP和40％菌核净WP对镰刀菌的抑菌效果较好，在浓度为5×10^-5g／mL时，抑制率均为100％；其次是70％代森锰锌WP和80％大生M-45 WP，在浓度依次为3×10^-4g／mL、7×10^-4g／mL时，对镰刀菌的抑制率均超过93％。 同时对在河北省内采集的43个马铃薯晚疫病菌株进行了交配型和生理小种组成的研究。研究结果表明：①供试菌株均为A₁交配型，未发现A₂交配型菌株；②我省的马铃薯晚疫病菌生理小种组成复杂，43个供试菌株中共发现19个生理小种，而且，R₁₀基因能被所有菌株克服。更多还原

【Abstract】 The disease investigation was made from July in 2001 to December in 2002 in the growth stage of potato and storage time in Chengde, Zhang jiakou, Qin huangdao, Tangshan, Baoding, Shijiazhuang, Cangzhou, Hengshui, Xingtai and Handan of Hebei province. The samples were collected, the pathogen on sample were isolated, purified and identified.Five fungi diseases of potato were found in Hebei province including dry rot of potato, wilt of potato, Rhizoctonia canker, late blight and early blight. Dry rot of potato was found in Zhangjiakou, Chengde, Baoding, Shijiazhuang and Handan. Wilt of potato was found in Tangshan, Qinghuangdao, Cangzhou and Handan. Rhizoctonia canker was discovered in Chengde, Tangshan, Shijiazhuang, Handan and Xingtai. Late blight was discovered in Weichang of Chengde, Fuping of Baoding and Wuan of Handan. Early blight was discovered in Zhangjiakou, Chengde,Qinhuangdao, tangshan, Baoding, Shijiazhuang, Cangzhou, Hengshui, Xingtai and Handan. Two bacteria diseases and five virus diseases were found, that are soft rot, scab, PVX, PVY, PVS, PVM and PLRV. Soft rot was discovered in Chengde, Tangshan, Shijiazhuang and Handan; Scab was discovered in Chengde, Tangshan, Qinghuangdao and Handan. Virus diseases of potato were discovered in Tangshan, Qinghuangdao, Baoding, Shijiazhuang and Handan.Seven species pathogens were found. That is Fursarium solani, Fusarium moniliforme, Fursarium oxysporum, Fursarium semiteatum, Alternaria solani, Phytophthora infestans and Rhizoctonia solani.The inhibition effects of 50% Carbendazim WP, 70% Mancozeb WP, 1.5% polyoxin WP, 80% Dithane M-45 WP and 40% ezomycind WP against the five main pathogens were tested at different dilutions. The result showed that 50% Carbendazim WP, 80% Dithane M-45 WP, 70% Mancozeb WP and 40% ezomycind WP had strong inhibition on Rhizoctonia solani. The inhibition effect was 100%, when the concentrations were 5 10-4g/mL, 5 10-5g/mL, 1 10-5g/rnL and 5 10-5g/rnL. 70% Mancozeb WP, 80%Dithane M-45 WP and 40% ezomycind WP had strong inhibition on Alternaria solani.The inhibition effect of 70% Mancozeb WP, 80% Dithane M-45 WP and 40% ezomycind WP on Alternaria solani was 100%, 97.4%, 98.0%, when the concentration were 4 10-4g/mL, 2.5 10-4g/mL, 5 10-5g/mL. 50% Carbendazim WP and 40% ezomycind WP had stronger inhibition than 70% Mancozeb WP and 80% Dithane M-45 WP on Fursarium spp. The inhibition effect of 50% Carbendazim WP and 40% ezomycind WP on Fursarium spp was 100%, when the concentration was 5 10-5g/mL. The inhibition effect of 70% Mancozeb WP and 80% Dithane M-45 WP on Fursarium spp exceeded 93%, when the concentration were 3 10-4g/mL, 7 10-4g/mL.Identification of mating type and physiological race were performed on 43 isolates of phytophthora infestans collected from different area of Hebei. The results showed that: (1) all of the phytophthora infestans isolates were identified as Al mating type but A2 mating type was not found in the isolates tested. (2)The distribution of physiological race of phytophthora infestans is complex, in the 43 isolates tested there are 19 different race, R10 can be overcome by all isolates.更多还原