【作者】 周蓓；

【导师】 袁道先；

【作者基本信息】 西南师范大学 ， 自然地理学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 1 采用典型样方法，在金佛山和桂林实验场选取典型样地并做野外调查，分别计算各样地的物种丰富度指数、Simpson指数、Shannon-Wiener指数、均匀度指数、Pielou均匀度指数、Alatalo均匀度指数，对金佛山不同地区样地生物多样性以及不同地区不同层次生物多样性特征和变化进行分析。数据表明，金佛山石灰岩地区生物多样性较砂页岩地区低。不同植被类型显著影响其生物多样性的变化，金佛山石灰岩地区植被在受到中轻度人为干扰初期，其物种丰富度和多样性、均匀度指数均有提高；砂页岩地区植被受到中轻度干扰，丰富度和多样性指数有所提高，均匀度指数呈相反趋势；石灰岩地区原生植被生物多样性和物种丰富度指数较砂页岩地区的原生植被低。 不同地区样地针阔混交林和常绿阔叶林物种丰富度指数、多样性指数均表现为灌木层＞草本层＞乔木层，而在灌丛样地，物种丰富度和多样性指数表现为草本层＞灌木层；整体上，石灰岩地区样地Jsw、Jsi和Ea指数为草本层＞灌木层＞乔木层；砂页岩地区样地为灌木层＞草本层＞乔木层。这说明石灰岩地区乔木和灌木的物种种类分布不均匀，适应石灰岩地区环境的优势种明显。 桂林实验场和金佛山样地物种丰富度、多样性指数的变化趋势基本一致，总体上，金佛山的物种丰富度和多样性指数都较桂林地区高。这是由于桂林实验场地区受到人为干扰较强，植被破坏程度较大，物种多样性减少。 2 对每个样地所取土样进行土壤质地、土壤pH值、土壤全磷含量、土壤全氮含量、土壤钙镁总量、土壤有机质含量的测量，并对测量结果进行分析。土壤中钙镁总量表现为整体上石灰岩地区钙镁总量较砂页岩地区含量高。这与土壤形成母质相关。土壤中其它调查因子在石灰岩和砂页岩地区总体区别并不明显。 数据表明，在同一气候条件下，所覆盖植被类型不同，土壤理化性质也有差异，反映了土壤理化性质除了与其成土母岩、气候和化学元素自身物理化学性质有密切关系外，植被类型的作用不可忽视。在人为干扰小的原生性森林，植物种类丰富，群落结构稳定，植物死根系和枯枝落叶全部回归土壤，土壤有机质含量高，养分呈有机态为多，故有效磷较高，土壤理化性质较稳定；次生植被群落土壤结构和肥力的退化是由于群落组成和结构的改变导致枯枝落叶成分和土壤发 规白山地还小问沙消民俗一非定俗地征王卿乔忡旺w比收财％育环境差异而引起，次生植被土壤的退化状态随植被退化程度不同而有差异。成土母质对于土壤基本理化性质的影响主要体现在土壤钙镁总量上，这种影响随土壤发育的成熟和发生过程的加强逐渐减弱。 金佛山样地土壤有机质、土壤全磷及土壤钙镁含量均比桂林样地高。桂林地区土壤PH值和全氮量高于金佛山地区，这与植物种类，土壤发育过程及发育程度相关。 3 运用多元线性逐步回归分析，对样地土壤中被调查理化因子与对应样地生物多样性指数的相关性进行定量分析，初步揭示土壤因子与生物多样性的相互影I仅不十关性程度。 所有样地多样性指数均与钙镁总量呈负相关，且相关性显著。有机质与群落物种丰富度、多样性指数以及均匀度指数 JS i之间呈负相关。这与植被类型密切相关。考虑石灰岩和砂页岩样地分类，发现与不同样地生物多样性各指标最紧密相关的仍是土壤钙镁总量，且呈负相关。与石灰岩样地物种多样性指数相关土壤回于还包括有机质、全磷，全氮和土壤质地。与砂页岩样地物种多样性相关的为土壤pH值。土壤钙镁总量与物种的均匀度分布有密切关系，随着钙镁的增加，物种分布的均匀程度减小。在石灰岩地区，这种影响更为明显。 石灰岩和砂页岩地区的土壤，除成土母质差异外，土壤中各因素随着植被变化也表现出差异，就与母质关联度最大的土壤钙镁含量与各个层次物种多样性指数的相关性而言，钙镁含量对灌木层的影响最为明显。即灌木层性状最能反映一个地区钙镁含量的差异，同时也最能反映岩溶地区植物对土壤的适应特性和分布情况。 土壤中各调查因子对不同地区不同层次植物的影响具有一定的区别。乔木层，数据显示砂页岩乔木层与土壤理化因子相关性较石灰岩地区大；而对于不同母质下植被，土壤中矿质元素（钙镁含量）的影响主要体现在灌木层，砂页岩和石灰岩的灌木都与土壤钙镁总量呈负相关，石灰岩地区灌木受到钙镁影响更明显，这表明，岩溶地区成土母质对灌木物种影响更大，更能体现与岩溶地区母质上发育土壤相适应的特性；草本层，石灰岩地区草本受土壤有机质影响大于砂页岩，砂页岩地区受土壤pH值影响更明显。同时注意到，在群落中，各个层次的发育相互影响，原生林中，乔木层发育，增加了林中郁闭度，影响了林下的灌木和草本的发育，次生林和灌丛则相反。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on plant communities and plots investigation in Jinfo Mt. and Experimental Site in Guilin, the author calculated the indices of every plot with its Species Richness index, Simpson index, Shannon-Wiener index, Pielou evenness index and Alatalo evenness index. The author analyzed the character and variation of the biodiversity in different area and different layers about the plots in Jinfo Mt. The data indicated that biodiversity indices in Karst area is lower than in nonkarst area in Jinfo Mt.. Biodiversity indices are much influenced by the types of the vegetation in Jinfo Mt. The Species Richness index, diversity index and evenness index of the plots in Karst area raised when the plots were jamming early and slightly; Species Richness index and diversity index of the plots in nonkarst area raised when the plots were jamming early and slightly, but evenness index fell. The diversity index and species richness index of original vegetation in Karst area are lower than in nonkarst area.The species richness and diversity index order of coniferous and broad-leaf forest and evergreen broad-leaf forest in different geology plots was as follows: shrub layer>herb layer>tree layer; in shrub plots, the order was herb layer>shrub layer. In general Jsw, Jsi and Ea index order was herb layer>shrub layer>ree layer. That indicated that the species of tree and shrub in Karst area distributing is not even, and the species, which are dominant and adapt to the Karst environment are cleaer.The variation of species richness and diversity index in Jinfo Mt. and Guilin plots is same. In general the biodiversity in Jinfo Mt. is better than Guilin Site. Because jamming in Guilin is stronger than in Jinfo Mt., and climate, vegetation condition are worse than in Jin Mt..2. The analysis of soil included soil texture, acidity, total capacity of phosphorus, and total capacity of nitrogen, total capacity of calcium & magnesium and organic matterabout every plot. The data indicated that in general, soil total capacity of calcium & magnesium in Karst area is higher than in nonkarst area. It had relation with the soil parent material. Beside the total capacity of calcium & magnesium, the other soil factors have no much difference between Karst area and nonkarst area.The data indicated that chemical and physical characters of soil in different vegetation types which in same climate type have some difference. That reflected chemical and physical characters of soil not only have relation with soil parent material, climate, physical chemical characters of chemical elements itself, but also with vegetation types. In original and jamming slightly vegetation, because dead roots, branch and leaves back to soil, soil organic matter higher, soil available phosphorus higher, too; chemical and physical characters of soil were stabilization. The reason were original vegetation have more species and structure of community was stable. The degradation of fertility and structure of soil in secondary vegetation was influenced by change with structure and form of community. The change resulted in the component of dead branch, roots, leaves, and the environment of soil forming changed. Degradation states of soil in secondary vegetation have relation with the degraded levels of vegetation. The total capacity of calcium & magnesium was much influenced by soil parent material. Along with the soil development and forming process stronger, this influence was weaker.The soil total capacity of phosphorus total capacity of calcium & magnesium and organic matter about plots in Jinfo Mt. were higher than in Guilin. The soil acidity and total capacity of nitrogen in Guilin were higher than in Jinfo Mt. This is related with species of plants, the process of soil development and forming.3. Using liner stepwise regression way, the author analysis the relationship between soil factors and biodiversity indices.The result showed that there were close negative relationships between biodiversity indices and soil total capacity of calcium & magnesium. T更多还原