【作者】 刘春美；

【导师】 马铁华； 郑宾；

【作者基本信息】 华北工学院 ， 测试计量技术及仪器， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 智能结构具有动态或在线状态下的自检测、自诊断、自监控、自修复及自适应等多种功能。在近年来，智能结构的研究已引起世界各主要发达国家的极大重视。智能材料控制结构的振动已经被广泛应用到军事、机械、医学、民用产品上，尤其在航空航天工业中展示了广阔的前景。 在本论文的开始，简要介绍了智能材料元件的种类和性质，并给出了压电材料的本构方程，然后根据Hamilton原理，采用任意等参四边形板梁弯曲单元，导出了智能梁的静态、动态有限元方程；对于复杂几何形状或边界条件的一般结构，根据三维有限元模型，导出三维动态有限元方程。 接着对智能梁结构在ANSYS平台上进行了有限元的仿真。建立了梁的简化模型，进行了智能梁结构的有限元分析，得到了梁的各阶模态，并在此基础上利用等效载荷对梁进行了动力学分析及瞬态响应分析，得到了梁的各阶模态下驱动器放置的最优布局。经过反复的计算探索，得出压电陶瓷上加的电压应与强迫振动载荷的相位角一致的关系。对于厚度较大的梁，采用一片压电陶瓷不能控制其振动时，考虑采用多片驱动器来进行减振，在悬臂梁的一阶模态，由于位置所限，可以考虑驱动器尽量贴在根部附近，以起到最大的减振作用，从而实现二对一、三对一点的控制。 最后进行了粘有压电材料的智能梁的振动控制实验研究。给出了智能结构振动控制系统组成，实现原理，及驱动器的驱动电源的研制，分别对等截面悬臂梁(电木和钢梁)加作动器及控制系统进行了实验研究，并与上章的有限元计算结果进行比较，结果基本吻合。 华北工学院硕士学位论文 本文对智能梁的减振技术进行了较为系统的，但仍然是初步的研究。通过以上的分析研究表明，有限元建模既简单可行又便于分析计算，易于实现控制。更多还原

【Abstract】 Intelligent structure possesses various preferable properties in dynamic circumstances and online use, such as self-test, self-diagnosis, self-monitoring, self-repair and self-adaptation. In recent years, the research on intelligent structure arouses worldwide attention, especially of those major developed countries. The vibration control, a branch of intelligent structure’s application, has been widely adopted in the areas of military, machinery, medicine, and civil products, especially in aerospace industry, where its great potential has been already shown.In the beginning of this thesis, types and characteristics of intelligent material elements have been introduced. And the basic equations of piezoelectric material have been given. Then according to Hamilton principle, both the static and dynamic finite element equations for the intelligent structure are formulated with isoparametric element of bending plate or bending beam. For the general structure with complicated configuration and boundary condition, three-dimensional finite element equations are deduced.By constructing a simplified model of the beam in computer, every mode of vibration has been analyzed through finite element method on ANSYS platform. Both transient analysis and dynamic analysis have been carried out by properly converting the real loads to the equivalent ones, which are comparatively easy to manipulate for the software. The optimum layout of actuators, on which the best effect of vibration reduction may be provided to each mode, has been gotten. After hard work of numerical simulation, the conclusion is achieved that the voltage that is applied on the piezoelectric material should keep the same phase of the load of forced vibration.Finally, the vibration experiment of intelligent beam has done with pieces of piezoelectric material chips being adhered to a base beam of section-constant cantilever. The working principle of the experiment, the composition of the experiment, the power supply of the actuators, and the control method of the whole system are designed and constructed. The result of the experiment and the result of numerical simulation are consistent with each other appreciably.A systematic and though elementary research on vibration reduction technology of intelligent beam is conducted in this paper. The research proves that the finite element method is a simple and practicable approach to the analysis of structural problems by employing appropriate models and configurations.更多还原