【作者】 邢祥虎；

【导师】 赵晓春； 陈青；

【作者基本信息】 山东师范大学 ， 教育技术学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 进入20世纪90年代以来，以数字技术为核心的第四次产业革命方兴未艾。数字技术的典型代表——多媒体计算机迅速涉足于人们生产生活的方方面面。从科技发展的角度看，从来没有一种技术像计算机技术这样对人类产生如此深远的影响，难怪有人喟叹，人类正在步入数字化时代。在计算机技术的支持下，知识类电视节目的后期创作环境发生了巨大变化，具体地说，就是从传统的线性编辑系统过渡为数字非线性编辑系统(简称非线性编辑系统)。 非线性编辑系统在广播电视领域荡起的层层涟漪并非仅仅局限于设备硬环境，还波及到节目编辑方式、编导思维方式等软环境。从创作的角度来考察，人们对这种软环境的变化有褒有贬、有扬有抑，这正是本文立论的着眼点。文章主要从以下几个方面展开论述： 一、知识类电视节目后期创作中的编导构思。这一部分主要分析了知识类电视节目编导构思的特点。作为电视这棵参天大树上的一枝——知识类电视节目拥有越来越广泛的收视群体，因其以较为深奥和抽象的科学文化知识为表现对象，所以创作手法也有别于其它种类的电视节目。编导的综合性形象思维是这类节目创作的基本要素。这种构思能力的强弱与编导个人的先天条件有着密切但并非唯一的关系，经过后天积极培养和锻炼，仍旧可以形成和发展。综合性形象思维首先表现为构思的深度，即编导善想、会想和敢想，在想象中摹形状物、在想象中设奇置疑、在想象中求新求变；其次表现为构思的多维性，即运用立体、全方位的创作观念指导实际创作。不但想到有形的动态画面，还要想到无形的声音；不但想到前期拍摄，还要想到后期编辑；不但想到科学技术，还要想到人文关怀。这种综合性形象思维与传统的线性编辑方式有着千丝万缕的联系，由于数字化浪潮的推动，编导转而依靠非线性编辑系统进行后期编辑和再创作。 二、综合性形象思维与非线性编辑系统的关系。这一部分从正反两方面分析了知识类电视节目创作与非线性编辑系统的关系。考察行业内的设备状况，不难发现存在着两种主流编辑系统——线性编辑系统和非线性编辑系统。相对于前者而言，非线性编辑系统是个不折不扣的小弟弟。它充分运用了数字处理技术的研究成果，将线性系统里所有的编辑功能高度整合在一起，构成一个小小的“数字岛”。技术与艺术密不可分，正像一枚硬币的两面(李政道语)。影视技术的每一次进步都会影响到影视语言的创新。非线性编辑系统提供了自由灵活的编辑方式、美伦美幻的视频特技，大大扩展了编导在后期编辑中的再创作空间。当然，非线性编辑系统在操作界面、编辑时间、特技功能、字幕处理等方面还存在种种不足，有待于进一步改进。l 知识类电视节目的非线性创作研究 三、非线性编辑系统的改进方向。作者结合自己大量的创作实践，针对目前非线 性编辑系统的不足，在这一部分里提出了几点改进措施。比如：设计更简易的编辑界 面、增强实时特技功能、提高系统安全性、疏通输入输出瓶颈、更新压缩算法等等。 非线性编辑系统只有彻底排除这些技术困扰，才能有助于编导全面释放自己的艺术才 华。 广大观众对科学知识的渴求是推动编导创作的不竭动力，日益复杂的知识形象呼 唤着更加丰富的影视语言和表现技巧，而编导对艺术的精益求精则促使非线性编辑系 统逐渐走向成熟和完善，逐步贴近艺术创作规律。但真正的艺术作品永远不会只是靠 技术生产出来的，它需要综合素质的锤打、生活底蕴的磨练、艺术修养的灌注。每一 位编导都是在技术与艺术之间寻求创作的契机，奉献给观众一个又一个艺术精品。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since 1990s, the fourth Industrial Revolution has been emerging. The typical representative of digital technology-computers have involved rapidly in people’s lives. Computer technology has exerted a profound influence on mankind, if we investigate from the aspect of development history of science and technology. So some people sigh with feeling that mankind is walking into digital era. In the support of computer technology , there happen a huge change in editing environment of knowledge television programs. In detail, the environment is transferring from the traditional linear editing system to digital non-linear editing system.The non-linear editing system influences not only the hard environment such as facilities but also the soft environment such as the way of programs editing and directors’ thought. Different people have different opinions of the change in soft environment, and it is the base of this paper. This paper includes three primary parts.The first part is "The directors’ thought in the later creation of knowledge television programs". This part mainly analyses the characteristic of directors’ thought in the knowledge television programs. As a branch of television programs, knowledge television programs have more and more widely audiences. The creation means of knowledge television programs are different from the other programs, just because they contain abstruse and abstract science knowledge. Thinking in images and synthetically is the key factor in the creation. The ability to think in images and synthetically has much, but not only, relevance to director individual’s innate requirements, which can be shaped up and developed through positively acquired training. Firstly, thinking in images and synthetically shows the depth of thought, that is, directors are good at thinking, can think and dare to think. Directors describe bodies, place questions and pursue innovation through thought. Secondly, it shows the width of thought. Directors must use stereoscopic concept to direct their own creation. They must think not only the motional pictures, but also the invisible sounds; not only the shooting, but also the editing; not only the science and technology, but also the humane care. Although thinking in images and synthetically has great relevance to the traditional linear editing system, directors have to rely on digital non-linear editing system to make programs because the tide of digit is marching.The second part is "The relation between thinking in images and synthetically and the non-linear editing system". This part mainly analyses the relation between the creation of knowledge television programs and the non-linear editing system from both positive andnegative idea. If we investigate the state of facilities within television trade, it is not difficult to find out that there are two chief kinds of editing system-linear one and non-linear one. Compared to the former, non-linear editing system absolutely is a younger brother. All editing functions of linear system are integrated highly into a digital island, which makes full use of the research result of digit processed technology. Mr. Li zhengdao said that technology and art are on intimate terms with each other, just like the two sides on a coin. Every progress in television technology will make innovations to film and television languages. Non-linear editing system provides both flexible editing mode and marvelous special video effects, which expands widely the directors’ field of vision in re-creation during the later stage editing. Besides, there exits some shortcomings in operation windows, editing times, special effects functions and Chinese captions, which need to be improved much.The third part is "Direction for improvement to non-linear editing system". Basing on my own abundant creating practice, I bring forward some improvement measures according to exiting shortcomings in non-linear editing system during this part. For example, designing simpler editing windows, enhancing the real time special effects functions, impro更多还原