【作者】 喻夜兰；

【导师】 邹冬生；

【作者基本信息】 湖南农业大学 ， 生态学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 龙须草是一种极具经济效应(造纸和编织)和生态效应(水土保持)的纤维草本植物，多为野生。随着市场和生产需求的不断扩大，人工栽培面积逐年增加。本研究从栽培生态的角度，分析了不同的栽培密度与年度、肥料运筹和土壤水分等栽培生态因素对龙须草分蘖等生长性能和产量形成的影响，为龙须草大面积的人工栽培提供理论依据。本研究的主要结论如下： 1．在移栽种植的前二年内，随着龙须草种群密度的增长，龙须草的分蘖增多，绿叶总数增加，产量也得到相应的提高。但到了移栽的第三年，密度与分蘖及产量的变化出现不一致。种群茎蘖总数以33.3×33.3cm行株距的密度处理最高，但绿叶总数和产量最高的则是33.3×66.6cm行株距的密度处理。综合前四年龙须草生长性能的表现，龙须草密度以33.3×66.6cm行株距为佳，以投入较小的基本苗，获得较好的产量。 2．田间持水量在70～80％的范围内，龙须草的生长状况最好。土壤含水量过高(90～100％)和过低(40～50％)，龙须草整个生育期没有分蘖快速增长的现象，进入8月份，甚至还出现分蘖死亡的现象，叶片的生长也受到很大影响，叶片总数极显著地减少，叶片的长度缩短，长于或等于80cm的叶片根本没有。在6月份龙须草营养旺盛生长的时期，大田淹水极大地影响龙须草的生长，抑制分蘖的发生，收获时龙须草的总茎蘖数只有正常的一半。因此，在大田栽培管理中，要保证龙须草地的土壤含水量，在雨水过多的夏季要及时地放掉过多的积水，防止淹水现象的出现。 3．龙须草的营养生长期长，对养分需求量大，施肥能极显著地促进龙须草的生长。对龙须草追施肥料，特别是在6月份龙须草营养生长旺盛时期对龙须草追施肥料，能显著促进龙须草分蘖的发生，提高龙须草的产量。追肥分两次进行，更有利于肥效的发挥，使龙须草的茎蘖总数极显著地增加，产量得到极显著的提高。 4．冬前整地比移栽时整地更有利于提高龙须草的产量。冬前采用荒坡改梯土的整地方式产量最高，比移栽时荒坡改梯土增产40.5％，比移栽时荒坡鱼鳞式整地增产33.7％。分蔸移栽宜在4月下旬到6月下旬进行，在此时期移栽的产量较高，过了此时期移栽越迟，产量越低。更多还原

【Abstract】 Sabaigrass (Eulaliopsis binata) is a kind of herbages plant with excellent exploitation value, most of which is wild. The more requirement market and production increases, the more area of artificial cultivating enlarges. This study analyze the impact on tiller and yield of Sabaigrass under different density, cultivating annual, soil water and fertilization, which would provide scientific basis for big area artificial cultivating.The main results are as follows:1. Sabaigrass population density increased in later two years after transplant growth, which increased tiller, green leaves and yield. But in the third year, the change of density and tillers was different. The population stem and tiller was the most on 33.3 33.3cm density. The density of 33.3 66.6cm had the highest yield and the most green leaves. So 33.3 66.6cm density was best treatment in the four years, we can get good yield using lesser basic seedling.2. Sabaigrass grew well when soil water content was 70-80%. When water-content was over 90-100% or low 40-50% in the soil, it affected the growth of Sabaigrass, as a result, the number of green leaves decreased and the length of green leaves shortened. In June that Sabaigrass grew rapidly, water logging in field significantly influenced vegetate and restrained to the development of tillers. So we should ensure soil water content in planting management, and drained water away when it had overabundant rainfall in the summer in order to avoid water-logging.3. Sabaigrass had long time for vegetative growth and required enough nutrients, so fertilization can promote growth significantly. Especially fertilizer was used in June when the vegetative of Sabaigrass grew exuberantly, it can promoted the development of tiller remarkably and increase yield. Which fertilizer was used twice during the whole growing period can benefit from exerting response of fertilizer and increased remarkably the whole number of stems and tillers and yield.4. Compared with soil preparation on transplanting, soil preparation before winter benefited the yield of Sabaigrass. The soil preparation by means of contour ploughing in early winter improve yield can get the highest yield. It was the better for ramet propagation in late April to late June, which can provide high yield. Transplanted seedling after this period, the yield would be reduced.更多还原