【作者】 易镇邪；

【导师】 屠乃美； 马国辉；

【作者基本信息】 湖南农业大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究共进行了品种比较、留桩高度、节插等三个试验。品种比较试验以培矮64S／E32、培两优500、培矮64S／B52、两优培九、康两优2054、陆18S／53159、T98A／259、316A／180为材料，研究了各组合的产量与产量构成、再生特性、源库特性等；留桩高度试验以培矮64S／E32为材料，研究了留桩高度对不同节位腋芽再生力、再生季源库关系、头季根系活力恢复以及再生根的发生的影响；节插试验以培矮64S／E32和培两优500为材料，对比研究了不同节位腋芽在母体与离体条件下的生育特性与再生率。主要结论如下： 1．供试8个组合头季、再生季及两季总产均存在极显著差异。从再生季产量来看，以陆18S／53159最高，康两优2054居其次，培矮64S／B52居第三；从两季总产来看，培矮64S／E32最高，培矮64S／B52、陆18S／53159分别位于第二、三位。 2．再生稻产量构成因素与产量间均呈正相关，且有效穗数、每穗总粒数、结实率三者与产量间的偏相关系数均达到了极显著水平；通径分析表明，对产量影响最大的是有效穗数，其次是每穗总粒数、结实率。因此，通过提高每穗总粒数也可显著提高再生稻产量。 3．在再生稻品种选择上，应选生育期较长、总叶数较多、穗粒数中等、千粒重高、LAI较大且粒叶比适中的品种(组合)。提高头季稻成穗率有利于两季高产；在再生稻高产栽培上，还应注意以下几点：适早适量施用促芽肥，适当提早头季收割期，留高桩。 4．与主季稻相比，再生稻叶片数少，单苗叶面积小，粒叶比大，其源库关系属增源增产型。杂交稻再生稻以倒2、3两节为优势芽穗，两节产量贡献率在70％左右或更高。各节位产量贡献率因留桩高度降低而表现出不同变化规律。在源库特性上，高节位再生稻叶片数较少，单苗叶面积较小，粒叶比较大。 5．头季稻灌浆前期腋芽的营养状况对其再生率起决定性作用，且含氮量是主导因素；灌浆末期茎鞘物质的积累与再生率关系不大，却与腋芽的生长发育关系密切；高节位腋芽对茎鞘贮存物质的依赖性较低节位腋芽大。 6．再生稻根系由头季根系与再生根系组成，且以头季根系为主；再生根主要由低节位再生苗产生。高留桩有利于头季根系活力的恢复与维持，低留桩有利于再生根的发生；留桩10cm时，再生根可占到总根量的34.38％。 7．母体条件下，各节位腋芽再生率顺序为倒2节＞倒3节＞倒5节＞倒4节，离体条件下不一定有此规律，且各节位间差异变小。离体条件下单苗叶片数有所增加，且节位越低增加越多。离体条件下各节位再生稻株高、穗长与每穗总粒数表现出随节位下降而增加的明显规律，且各节位之间差异较母体条件下大。母体条件下，高节位腋芽对母茎营养物质依赖性大，而低节位腋芽的发育受营养供应的限制较高节位腋芽大。更多还原

【Abstract】 Three tests were conducted in this study. In variety performance test, PeiAi64S/E32, PeiLiangYou500 , PeiAi64S/B52 , Liang YouPeiJiu , KangLiangYou2054 , Lu18S/53159, T98A/259 and 316A/180 were used, the yield and yield components , sprouting properties of axillary buds and source-sink properties were studied. In stubble height test, PeiAi64S/E32 was used, the effects of stubble height on the ratooning ability of axillary bud from different nodes, source-sink relation of ratooning rice, the recovery of root vigor of main crop and the growth of ratooning roots were studied. In node-cuttage test, PeiAi64S/E32, PeiLiangYou500 were used, the growth and developmental properties and ratooning ability of axiliary buds of different nodes in vitro and in vivo were studied . The main results are as follows:1. Significant difference at the 0.01 level existed respectively in yields of main crop, ratooning rice and the whole yield between 8 combinations. As for yield of ratooning rice, Lul8S/53159 was highest, KangLiangYou2054 was second and PeiAi64S/B52 was third . As for the whole yield of two crops, PeiAi64S/E32 was highest, PeiAi64S/B52 and Lul8S/53159 were 2nd and 3rd respectively.2. Positive correlation existed between the yield components with yield in ratooning rice. And coefficient of partial correlation between the effective tiller number, whole grams per panicle and seed-setting percentage with yield were significant at the 0.01 level. The path analysis showed that the effect of the effective tiller on yield was biggest. It was bigger than that of whole grains per panicle and seed-setting percent. So it can distinctly improve yield of ratooning rice by improving grains per panicle.3. About the choice of ratooning rice variety, we should choose the varieties (combinations) with longer growth duration, more number of leaves, middle gram number per panicle, high 1000-grain weight, higher LAI and moderate ratio of grain number to leaf area. Increase of tiller-bearing percent is advantageous to enhancing the yield of main crop and ratooning rice. In addition, in order to gain high yield of ratooning rice, we should pay attention to following points: fertilizing to urge the growth of axillary buds in appropriate stage, shifting reaping stage to an appropriate earlier time, leaving high stubble.4. Comparing to main crop, the leaf number of ratooning crop was less, leaf area per culm was smaller, the ratio of grain number to leaf area was bigger. The type of source-sink relation of ratooning rice belonged to the source-limited. To ratooning rice from high stubble, the 2nd and 3rd node from top were overwhelming tillers, their yield contribution percent was about orover 70%. The changing of yield contribution percent of different nodes under different stubble heights showed different trends. Compared with lower nodes’, upper nodes’ ratooning rice had its distinguishing feature: less leaf number per culm, smaller leaf area per culm, bigger ratio of grain number to leaf area.5. Nutrition condition in early productive phase of main crop had decisive effect on ratooning rate, and N content was the dominant factor. Accumulation of nitrogen and carbohydrates in stem and sheath in late productive phase had no significant correlation to ratooning rate, but had close correlation to growth and development of axillary buds.6. Roots in ratooning crop consist of roots of main crop and ratooning roots, and roots of main crop is the main part. Ratooning roots mainly come from ratooning tillers of lower nodes. Higher stubble was advantageous to recovery and maintenance of activities of roots of main crop; Lower stubble was advantageous to production of ratooning roots. When stubble was 10 cm, the percentage of ratooning roots to the whole roots was 34.38%.7. In vivo, the ratooning rate of axillary buds from different nodes showed (from the top): the 2nd > the 3rd > the 5th > the 4th. But in vitro, the trends above was uncertain, and the difference between different nodes became smaller. In vitro,更多还原