【作者】 雷刚；

【导师】 黄明和；

【作者基本信息】 江西师范大学 ， 计算机应用， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 20世纪80年代中期以来，OO(面向对象)方法与技术向着软件生命期的前期阶段发展，即：人们对OO方法的研究与运用，不再局限于编程阶段，而是从系统分析和系统设计阶段就开始采用OO方法，这标志着OO方法已经发展成为一种完整的方法论和系统化的技术体系。由此OO方法的研究也逐渐成为一个热点，各种流派的OO方法如雨后春笋般涌现。OOA(面向对象分析)的目的是建立以类图为核心的分析模型，但这些OO方法的OOA阶段对于建立类图大都缺乏规范、统一、可操作性强的手段，只是凭借领域经验通过分析问题域直接得到类图。实践证明，这种方法的能力是有限的。 RUP(Rational统一软件开发过程)方法是一种完全基于UML(统一建模语言)的OO方法，它凭借用况驱动、以构架为中心、迭代和增量开发过程的特点迅速得到软件业界人士的青睐。该方法中的用况驱动完成了RUP中一整套核心工作流(从需求捕获，经由分析、设计和实现，到测试)，其中用况分析技术完成的工作是从捕获需求入手，建立结构化的需求模型(用况模型)，进而从用况中识别类以得到类图。这种技术对建立类图有一定的指导意义，但有一个致命的缺点，即随着类识别的深入易陷入功能分解法的误区，而且其可操作性也不是很强。 本文提出了一种本质用况分析技术，它很好地解决了上述问题。本质用况是比用况更轻量级(叙述语言简明、与设计实现技术无关)的获取需求的工具，它本是Constaitine和Lockwood提出用于解决面向对象开发中界面设计的工具。本质用况分析技术综合了本质用况和CRC卡片技术(一种简单实用且很成熟的OOA技术)的优点，即利用本质用况获取需求，得到本质用况模型，再利用CRC卡片收集本质用况模型中的系统职责，通过识别协作类和职责分派得到类图。 本文还通过一个具体实例分析比较了用况分析技术和本质用况分析技术的优劣。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since the middle of 1980s,OO(object-oriented)method and technology have developped in the former stages of software lifecycle, that is,the study and application about OO method aren’t limited to programming any longer, but be forward to system analysis and design stage,which indicates OO method have grown into a kind of integrated theory and systematic technology. Therefore the study about OO method is gradually becoming hotspot, and a variety of OO methods are mushrooming. OOA(object-oriented analysis) aims to build a analysis model based on class diagram..but among most OO methods,OOA lacks formal,unified and well-operated measures, only directly finding class diagram by means of analyzing problem domain through domain experience.RUP method (Rational Unified Software Development Process) is a kind of OO method entirely based on UML(Unified Modling Language), which have gained people’s favor in software trade because of its unique features-use case drived, architecture centered, iterative and incremental development process. In RUP, use cases drive whole core work flow,that is.from reqirement capture.through analysis.design and implementation to test.Among these ,use case analysis technology carries out the following process:firstly,capturmg system’s function requirements.developer builds structural requirement model(use case model),secondly,identifying class from use case ,developer builds class diagram.Use case analysis technology can instruct the process of building class diagram,but a fatal shortcoming exists in itthat is, the process of identifying class is easily involved in function decomposing method.and its operationality is limited.To solve the above problems, this paper puts forward essential use case analysis technology. Essential use case is also a tool to capture requirement and it uses concise language which is independent of design and implementation technology. Essential use case analysis technology synthesizes the advantages of essential use case and CRC card technology.Its processes are as follows.Firstly.using essential use case deduces requirement model(essential use case model), secondly.using CRC cards collect system responsibilities in essential use case model,then deducing general class diagram through identifying collaborator classes and distributing responsibilities.This paper demonstrates a study case to contrast essential use case analysis technology with use case analysis technology.The contast can help us to know clearly advantages and disadvantages respectively.更多还原