【作者】 曹敏惠；

【导师】 祝心德；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 无机化学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 元素化学是大学化学及相关专业无机化学课程的核心内容。长期以来，元素化学的教材在内容上多是物质的存在与制取、元素通性、化合物性质及反应性等的描述性内容的罗列，包括成千上万条化学反应方程式及众多化学事实。由于内容的庞杂枯燥、叙述方法千篇一律，加以辅助教学手段的缺乏或不得当，使学生在学习过程中往往感到抽象、困难，产生一看就懂、一听就烦、一放就忘，一用就不会的感觉。所以，如何结合教育学、教育心理学改进元素化学的教学就成为值得探索的问题。 本文从元素化学教学实际出发，全面地分析了元素化学中教与学的问题，我们认为要彻底改变目前元素化学教学的现状，提高其教学效果，最根本的一点就是师生尤其是教师要端正对元素化学知识的认识，要充分认识到元素化学在化学学科中的地位及在素质教育中的作用。只有在对元素化学高度重视的前提下，才会花大力气去对其进行认真研究并最终提高教学效果。对元素化学教材内容的剖析，能够使师生对元素化学的内容和体系有全面而又深刻的认识，进一步了解元素化学与基础理论化学之间的关系，从而促进化学基础理论在元素化学中的应用和巩固。 为了从根本上进行元素化学教学改革，我们以师范院校的教育目标为基准，研制了符合时代发展的课程标准。其主要包括课程目标、课程内容标准以及教学内容的基本要求和教学要求三个方面的内容。这将有利于教师合理取舍教材内容，促进教学方法的改革。关于元素化学教学的策略与方法的探究，是本文的重点内容，也是元素化学教学改革的核心内容。在这部分中针对元素化学教学存在的问题提出六条有建设性的教学策略，旨在改变课堂讲授的单一的教学模式，进而结合实例讨论了启发式、讨论式、探究式、活动—建构式四种教学方式在元素化学中的具体实施。同时在元素化学中讲究教学艺术，也会收到意想不到的教学效果。更多还原

【Abstract】 The content of Elementary Chemistry is the main content of Inorganic Chemistry. In the long time, the textbook of Elementary Chemistry always contains the content of the existing and produce of materials, general characteristic of element the properties of compounds and reaction law which are descriptive In addition, it comprises thousands of chemical reaction and plenty of chemical phenomena. Because the content are complicate and dull, the narration method is single and the scare of Computer Assist Instruction’s measure, the students consider this content is easy to understand and difficult to memory and apply. Hence, how to reform the instruction of Elementary Chemistry is worth discussing on basis of Pedagogy and Pedagogical Psychology.In consideration of the situation of the Element Chemistry instruction, we analyze the problem that exists in the teaching and learning of the Elementary Chemistry in a comprehensive way. If we want to change the present situation of Elementary Chemistry instruction and enhance the teaching effect, we think the essential point is that the teacher must recognize the elementary chemistry knowledge correctly and understand the Elementary Chemistry’s role in the chemistry science and function in Quality Education. Only pay more attention to the Elementary Chemistry, can we try our best to study the content and enhance the teaching effect eventually. In addition, we dissect the teaching material of Elementary Chemistry in order to know the content and system of Elementary Chemistry completely and understand the relationship between Elementary Chemistry and Theory Chemistry so that we can apply and strengthen the theory in the Elementary Chemistry.For the teaching reformation of Elementary Chemistry radical, on basis of the normal college’s educational goal, we draw up the curriculum . criterion ofElementary Chemistry accorded with the development of era and instruction requirement of content and the concerned teaching requirement. It’s favorable for teacher to deal with the teaching materials reasonably and promote the reformation of teaching method. The research that is concerned the teaching tactics and teaching method is not only the important content in this thesis but also is the core content in the instruction reformation. In this part, we put forward for six pieces of teaching tactics in order to change the single teaching mode. Therefore, the heuristic approach, discussion, inquiry, action-construction instruction modes are be discussed through examples in the Elementary Chemistry teaching. At the same time, marvelous teaching result will be gained by applying the art of teaching in the instruction.更多还原