基于3S技术的农林复合生态系统景观格局分析

【作者】 张华英；

【导师】 佘济云； 汪思龙；

【作者基本信息】 中南林学院 ， 森林经理学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 本文利用1989年和2000年遥感卫星图像和研究区1990年和1999年森林资源调查资料，借助于RS、GIS、GPS技术，对湖南省会同县11年间农林复合生态系统景观格局的变化进行了研究，从景观面积动态变化、景观要素斑块特征、景观异质性和景观要素空间相互关系四个方面分析的结果表明： (1)农田、岩石裸地、灌木林地的面积有较大幅度的减少，以农田面积减少的最多，显示出退耕还林的力度；而水域、杉木林、松林、阔叶林、竹林、经济林的面积有所增加，以杉木林面积增加最多。 (2)就要素斑块规模而言，杉木林的平均斑块规模是最大的，其余的依次减少为：水域、农田、阔叶林、松林、经济林、灌木林地、竹林、岩石裸地。就景观要素斑块形状而言，它们的排序由大到小为：农田、经济林、水域、松林、杉木林、灌木林地、阔叶林、岩石裸地、竹林。这说明了农田的斑块形状最复杂，依次其复杂性减弱，竹林由于是人工栽种，其形状较规则。两个时段相比较，松林、杉木林、灌木林地、阔叶林的复杂性是有减弱的趋势。 (3)研究区景观优势度减少，多样性增加，斑块之间的聚集程度增强，各斑块趋于均匀化，景观总体异质性增高。就景观要素优势度而言，农田、岩石裸地、灌木林地的优势度是降低的，而各林地的优势度是升高的，这表明了林地的优势度越来越高，森林景观在整个景观中占了主要地位。 (4)就景观要素连接度而言，由大到小排序为：农田、阔叶林、杉木林、经济林、灌木林、竹林、松林、岩石裸地、水域，农田斑块之间的连接度是最高的，这是由于农田多分布于河流两岸和低洼平坦的地方，相互连通性很强；阔叶林主要分布在鹰咀岩自然保护区，由于受到保护其连通性也是很好的；水域分别位于东西两侧，是连通性最差的。就景观要素聚集度而言，农田、水域、岩石裸地、灌木林地是分散于其它斑块之间，而经济林、杉木林、竹林、松林、阔叶林则与少数几类大斑块相聚集。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on the TM images of 1989 year and 2000 year and the forest resource researching data of 1990 year and 1999 year, and using the RS, GIS, GPS technology, this paper studies the agro-forest complex landscape pattern changes in Huitong, Hunan province. The result shows that the region’s agro-forest complex landscape pattern becomes better. The research results are as follows:(1)Analysis forest landscape area dynamic changeBased on the remote sense analysis result and the forest resource researching data, we can know that the areas of farmland bare land and shrubbery decrease. Because of the policy of changing farmland to forest, the farmland area decreases most. But, the areas of water area, fir forest, pine forest, broad-leaf forest, bamboo forest, economy forest increase. The fir forest area increases most, because of the market requirement.(2) Analysis forest landscape element patch characteristicsAccording to the result, as the landscape element patch scale, the fir forest average patch scale is the largest, and it shows that and the rest in large-to-small succession are: water area, farmland, broad-leaf forest, pine forest, economy forest, shrubbery. As the landscape element patch shape index, from large to small, is farmland, economy forest, water area, pine forest, fir forest, fir forest, shrubbery, broad-leaf forest, bare land, bamboo forest. It explains the farmland patch shape is the most complex, and the rest become weaken. Result of manual-planting, the bamboo patch shape is the least complex. Compared with two days, the complexities of pine forest, fir forest, shrubbery, broad-leaf forest trend to less, it can help to increase forest area.(3) Analysis forest landscape heterogeneousThe landscape dominance degree of the research region lessens, and the diversity and the assembling degree boosts up. The patches become even, and the total landscape heterogenous becomes better. As the landscape element dominance degrees, the farmland’s, the bare land’s, and the shrubbery’s become less, but the woodlands’ become higher. It shows that the woodland landscape holds the important position in whole landscape.(4) Analysis forest landscape element special correlationAs the landscape element connect degree, from large to small, is: farmland, broad-leaf forest, fir forest, economy forest, shrubbery, bamboo forest, pine forest, bare land, water area. The connect degree of farmland patches is the highest. The most of farmland distributes the riverside and the flat region, so its connectivity is best. Most of broad-leaf forest distributes in the Ying Juyan protection region of nature, so its connectivity is better. The water area distributes in the east and west of the research region, so its connectivity is worst. As the landscape element assembling degree, from large to small, is: farmland, water area, bare land, shrubbery, economy forest, fir forest, bamboo forest, pine forest, broad-leaf forest. It shows that farmland, water area, bare land, shrubbery are distributing in other patches, nevertheless, the others are connecting with fewer large patch.更多还原