定语语义分析

【作者】 杨淑芳；

【导师】 周建设；

【作者基本信息】 首都师范大学 ， 汉语言文字学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 定语作为一种重要而独具特色的句子成分，是语法研究及教学的一个重要部分。本文从四个方面对定语的语义进行研究。 首先，文章分析了定语同中心语的意义关系。根据定语修饰中心语的意义，把定语分成限定性定语和修饰性定语；但是仔细分来，定语同中心语之间形成复杂的多种关系。此外，定语还有一些特殊用法，无法用以上关系概括，表现出定语的特殊意义类别。 第二，文章从定语语义角色变换的角度分析定语。在这一部分里，论述了定语同其他句子成分——主语、谓语、宾语与状语的语义角色变换。主语角色的变换，定语的重要性加以提升；谓语角色的变换，表现了定语的准述谓性；定语变换成宾语，动词动态性弱化；状语角色的变换，表现出定语描述的静态性特征。通过语义角色的变换，体现了定语的语义表达特色。 第三，文章研究了定语的语义指向。语义指向作为最具中国特色的语义研究，近年来日趋深入，尤其是对状语、补语的研究，而定语的语义指向研究也引起越来越多语法学者的关注。定语并非单一地只指向中心语，还指向主语、谓语、宾语、其他定语以及指向句外，甚至语义指向虚化。定语在指向每一种成分时，还有具体的各种不同情况。由于定语语义指向的这种复杂多样性，在一个句子内部，当一个定语既可指向这一成分又同时指向另一成分时就产生了歧义。 最后，文章对有关定语或定中偏正结构的歧义句式作了粗浅的探讨。归纳出10种类型的定语歧义句式，接着分析了制约歧义的因素，并研究了歧义句的主观语感影响。 此外，前言中，还提到了定语定义的历史演变。本文通过对定语以上方面的分析探讨，希望有助于定语语义更加深入地研究，进而深入考察与其有关的其它语言问题。更多还原

【Abstract】 As an important and special element in a sentence, attributes are of great importance in grammatical research and teaching. This thesis will devote a discussion about attributes semantically from the following four aspects.Firstly, the thesis analyzes the sense relationship between attributes and other elements. It’s known that attributes modify central words and there are two kinds of attributes: modifying attributes and defining attributes; however, when examined in detail, there exist many kinds of complicated relationships between attributes and centre-words; in addition, attributes have some special usage, which can not be summarized in the relationships mentioned above, to express specific meaning.Secondly, the paper analyzes attributes from the point of alteration of their semantical roles. This part makes an investigation on the role transforming from attributes to other elements, namely, subjects, predicates, objects and adverbials. Respectively, attributes become more important in the phrase of the first transformation; and they are used as predicates when it comes to the alternation of predicates; then as for objects transforming, the dynamism of verbs weakens and when the last, adverbial transformation, is concerned, attributes embody the semantic expression.Thirdly, the thesis is devoted to the research of semantic reference of attributes. As the most special semantic research, that about semantic reference goes further and further in recent years, especially that of adverbials and complements; at the same time, more and more grammar linguists tend to pay much more attention to the research about semantic reference of attributes. Attributes do not only refer to central words, predicates, objects, other attributes and something beyond sentences, even to void. There are still various situations in the above aspects. Because of the complexion of the semantic reference, when an attribute refers to one element or another, ambiguity arises.Finally, this dissertation carries out examination on ambiguity about attributes or attributive phrases. This part sums up ten lands of attributive ambiguous structures,then goes a step further to analyze the restrictive factors of ambiguity and makes research on the influence of ambiguous sentences.In addition, the preface reviews the historic evolution of the definition of attributes. All in all, the above analysis and discussion of attributes is expected to be helpful to the further semantic research of attributes and other linguistic problems concerning attributes thoroughly.更多还原