【作者】 姜安；

【导师】 许增朴；

【作者基本信息】 天津科技大学 ， 机械设计及理论， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 三维物体表面轮廓测量技术在高速在线检测、质量控制、机器视觉、反求工程、CAD／CAM以及医疗诊断等领域的应用日益广泛。具有非接触特性的光学测量方法由于其高分辨率、无破损、数据获取速度快等优点而被公认为最有前途的三维轮廓测量方法。本文围绕FTP三维物体表面轮廓工程测量方法，从理论和实践两方面进行了深入研究，其内容如下： 分析了各种相位测量方法的数学模型，阐述了高度和相位之间的转换关系，对相位法工程测量原理及工程测量过程进行了详细分析。 提出了FTP工程测量中需解决的问题，如标定、解相、图象拼接等。提出了一种将高度z标定和位置(x，y)标定相结合而实现摄像机立体视觉标定的新方法。 研究了相位展开算法，提出了基于边缘检测的柔性多标记点解相方法，克服了传统解相方法在遇到噪声时的不足之处，初步解决了高度突变、阴影对相位展开的影响。在对模板图象进行处理时，在研究各种边缘检测算法的基础上提出了区域二值法的概念，用局部区域的阈值进行二值化，结合梯度算子实现被测物体边缘的自动识别。 研究了光栅图象的投影、采集及预处理方法，并对得到的被测物体表面三维数据点进行重构显示。分析了图象拼接的原理，对被测物体前后两部分图象数据的拼接方法进行了探讨。 研制了由LCD投影仪、CCD摄像机、图象采集卡和工作台等组成的三维物体测量系统硬件装置，实现了用一台计算机同时控制投影和采集光栅图象，并建立了一套简单、快捷的系统调整方案。用Visual C++6.0开发了测量系统软件，集成了系统调整、系统标定、图象处理及图象分析等功能。并对FTP测量法在人体测量中的应用进行了探讨和试验。 通过理论分析和实际测量，证明了系统标定方法、相位展开算法和图象处理及拼接算法的有效性。针对系统的不足提出了改进方案。更多还原

【Abstract】 The application of 3D object surface measurement is more and more important in the domain of industrial inspection, quality controlling, machine vision, CAD/CAM, and medical science, etc. And because of its high precision, nondestructive feature and also fastness of data acquisition, the method of non-contact optical measurement becomes very popular. Based on the method of engineering measurement of 3D object surface, this dissertation studies the theories and applications of FTP. It consists of the following contents:The mathematical model of each phase measurement method is analyzed. The relationship between the phase and the height is introduced. At the same time, the theory and process of engineering measurement is studied.The problems that should be resolved in the engineering measurement of FTP are presented, such as calibration, phase unwrapping, and image connection etc. And a new calibration method for 3D machine vision, which combines height calibration with position calibration, is expounded.After the algorithms of phase unwrapping is studied, a new phase unwrapping method with flexible marking points is proposed. Thus, the effects of noise, height mutation and also shadow can be avoided. On the basis of the study of edge detection algorithms, a zone binary method is presented.The preprocessing methods of grating image are studied, and the 3D object surface data is reconstructed. Meanwhile, the theory of image connection and the connection method of the front and hind image data are analyzed and probed.A measurement system that consists of LCD, CCD, and image card is designed, it can project and obtain grating image simultaneously. At the same time, a software system that integrates the function of system adjusting, system calibration, image processing and also image analyzing is developed with Visual C++ 6.0. At the end of the dissertation, some experiments are carried out to apply FTP to the measurement of human body’s sizes.Theoretical analysis and practical measurement prove the availability of all of the methods and algorithms, and an improvement scheme is proposed.更多还原