【作者】 蔡利海；

【导师】 张兴祥；

【作者基本信息】 天津工业大学 ， 材料学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 蓄热调温纺织品是一种通过将在室温上下能够发生相变的物质与纤维或纺织品结合后，能够在室温上下吸收或放出热量的纤维和纺织品。它能够随所处环境的变化而吸收或放出热量，从而减小人体皮肤表面温度的波动，提高服用舒适性。 本课题通过将相变材料微胶囊添加到纤维中去，制备了在室温下具有蓄热性能的纤维。其研究内容主要分为两部分：首先为纺丝用相变材料微胶囊的制备，即采用室温范围内具备相变行为的正十八烷作为芯材，选用合适的氨基树脂做为皮层，制备出了在室温上下具有蓄热性能的相变材料微胶囊，并在此基础上进行改性工艺研究，最终得到了粒径小于5μm、耐热温度达到200℃、杂质含量较少、芯材无过冷行为的相变材料微胶囊。采用FTIR、SEM、TGA和DSC等手段对纺丝用胶囊的性能进行表征和分析。然后以含有相变材料微胶囊的聚乙烯作为纤维的芯成份，聚丙烯作为纤维的皮成份，采用熔融复合纺丝方法将不同含量的相变材料微胶囊添加到纤维中去，采用SEM、DSC、TGA、WAXD和SAXS等手段对纤维的结构、性能及影响因素进行了系统研究。 通过本课题的研究，得出了如下结论： 1．1．采用尿素单体共聚改性的三聚氰胺树脂作为微胶囊的壁材，原料中三聚氰胺／尿素／甲醛的摩尔比为3：1：12，可以很好地包裹石蜡烃类化合物形成微胶囊，制备的微胶囊大小比较均匀，杂质含量很小。 1．2．微胶囊的最大尺寸小于5μm，直径为1-2μm的胶囊数量含量较大，直径为3μm的胶囊体积含量较大，胶囊在尺寸上能够满足熔融纺丝技术的需要。 1．3．微胶囊的失重温度为205℃，胶囊的耐热性能够满足熔融复合纺丝的需要。 1．4．相变材料微胶囊中有效成份正十八烷的含量约为75％，微胶囊的蓄热量在180J／g左右。 1．5．采用正十八烷作为相变材料，5％的十八烷醇作为成核剂，能有效地抑制胶囊中相变材料的过冷现象。 1．6．微胶囊的壁材为无定形态，将相变材料包进胶囊后，相变材料仍能很好地结晶。 1．7．以聚丙烯为皮材，含有胶囊的聚乙烯为芯材，通过熔融复合纺丝的方法研制出了相变材料微胶囊含量从0％-16％的蓄热调温纤维。纤维中胶囊含量的增 摘 要 加，并没有显著降低纤维的可纺性，只有当微胶囊含量达到 16％（t％）时， 纤维的可纺性才有所降低。1．8．随着纤维中胶囊含量的增加，在纤维的断裂伸长小于40％的前提下，蓄热调 温纤维的纤度呈略微上升的趋势，而断裂强度呈略微下降的趋势，但纤维中 胶囊含量为12％的蓄热调温纤维仍具有较好的物理机械性能。1．9．当微胶囊含量为 12％（t％川，纤维的纤度为 6，18 dtex，断裂强度 2．36oN用tex， 断裂伸长29尸％，能够用来制作保温絮片。1．10．随着纤维中相变材料微胶囊含量的增加，纤维的蓄热调温能力显著增加。其 吸／放热温度范围处于人体感到舒适的温度范围内，熔融曲线峰范围为28℃ －41C，结晶曲线峰范围为 29C－10OC左右。1．11．纤维中游离甲醛含量低于 20ppm，适用于除两岁以下儿童用纺织品外其它纺 织品的生产。l二2．纤维中相变材料的表观结晶率较低，其原因主要是由高聚物较差的热传导性 和加工过程中高剪切力对微胶囊的损失造成的。1．13．当纤维中添加相变材料微胶囊后纤维中胶囊与高聚物的相容性是比较好的。更多还原

【Abstract】 Heat-storage and thermo-regulated textile is an active smart textile. It is manufactured by incorporating the low-temperature Phase Change Material (PCM) into the fiber or coating the PCM on the surface of the fabric. This novel comfortable textile is able to absorb, redistribute and release heat to prevent drastic changes in the wearer’s head, body, hands and feet. If the circumstance temperature drops from the setting temperature, the PCM will change its state from liquid to solid, releasing heat and keeping the inner fabric in a higher temperature. Conversely, if the circumstance temperature rises from the setting temperature, the PCM will change its state from solid to liquid, absorbing the heat energy and keeping the fabric in a lower temperature. Thus the inner textile possesses a comfortable temperature by the PCM phase state changing. The manufacture, properties and applications of heat-storage and thermo-regulated textiles have been extensively studied since the 1980s, and these textiles were selected as one of the "21 inventions that will shape the 21st century" by the editorial staff of Newsday.It is an object to study the manufacture process and properties of melt-spun fiber containing microencapsulated phase-change materials (MicroPCMs) in the applied basic field. In this paper, the whole work was mainly divided into two parts: the research on the preparation of the MicroPCMs for incorporating into the fiber and the research on the manufacture process of melt-spun fiber containing MicroPCMs.The MicroPCMs with diameters below 5 micron were successfully synthesized by in-situ polymerization. Low-temperature paraffin wax was used as core material, and amino resin was used as shell material. The heat-resistant temperature of the MicroPCMs achieved 205 ℃, the PCM in the shell was permeable-proof and without super-cooling character. The structures and properties of the MicroPCMs were systematically studied by the applying of FTIR, SEM, GA, DSC and WAXD.The Heat-storage and thermo-regulated fibers were manufactured by melting spun process through using MicroPCMs as functional components, and polypropylene as fiber-forming material. The relationship between structure and properties of these fibers were systematically studied through using SEM, DSC, TGA, WAXD and SAXS etc. The following are the experimental results: 1. The amino resin is a suitable shell material for the encapsulating of paraffin wax.The mol ratio of the melamine/urea/formaldehyde is 3:1:12, the size of the MicroPCMs is even and with small impurity.2. The diameter of the MicroPCMs is below 5 micron. The microcapsules with the diameter of 1-2 micron possess the predominant according to the distribution on number basis, and the microcapsules with the diameter of 3 micron possess the predominant according to the distribution on volume basis. The microcapsules can be proper for melting spun process in respect of the size.3. The heat-resistant temperature of the MicroPCMs achieves 205 ℃, and the microcapsules can be proper for melting spun process in respect of the heat resistance.4. The content of the paraffin wax is about 75%(wt%), and the heat-storage ability of the MicroPCMs is about 180J/g.5. Using octadecane as PCM and octadecyl alcohol as anti-supercooling agent, the super-cooling of the MicroPCMs will be effectively restrained.6. The shell material of the MicroPCMs is amorphous phase, and the PCM in the microcapsules still has the strong crystallizing power.7. The heat-storage and thermo-regulated sheath/core composite fiber with different content of MicroPCMs were melting spun. The polypropylene chips were used as sheath component and the polyethylene containing 0-16%(wt%) MicroPCMs were used as core component. The spinning property of the fiber is favorable when the content of MicroPCMs is less than (or equal to) 12%, and it become poor when the content of MicroPCMs is equal to 16%.8. The titer of the fibers is lightly increasing and the tenacity is slowly decreasing with the content o更多还原