【作者】 肖宏；

【导师】 吴照云；

【作者基本信息】 江西财经大学 ， 企业管理， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 历史的车轮已经步入了21世纪。中国的成功入世以及国内改革步伐的加快，为中国企业的发展提供了难得的历史机遇，但同时也把中国企业内在深层次的问题一一予以暴露，加速了国内企业经受残酷市场竞争洗礼的步伐。这一切对中国企业，特别是对于在国际竞争中处于极度弱势地位的中国制药企业而言，无疑是巨大的挑战，其压力是不容忽视的。如何抓住历史机遇、迎接挑战、化解压力，提升我国制药企业的竞争优势，是中国医药界和经济界长期以来一直在探讨的重大课题。 长期以来，有关产业发展的解释很多，“比较优势”是最古典，也是经济学家最深信的一种理论，然而越来越多的例证显示：随着国际贸易的发展以及全球化的日益深入，生产要素的比较优势已不足以解释丰富多元化的贸易形态，该理论的主导地位慢慢予以弱化。而此时，“竞争优势”则逐渐迈入历史舞台。从英国经济学家张伯伦1939年提出“竞争优势”的概念开始，到美国哈佛商学院的迈克尔·波特教授对“企业竞争优势”的系统和深入的研究，“竞争优势”理论获得了长足的发展，其理论体系也日益成熟。特别是“竞争优势体系”的创建和维持或者说是“可持续竞争优势”的获取一直是理论界和产业界所关注的问题，已成为战略管理研究的中心议题。然而，以往关于“竞争优势”理论的研究总是摇摆于外部环境和内部资源(能力)的两端，未能在两者之间找到平衡，建立一种整合的理论体系；另外，国内外就“竞争优势”体系在具体产业中的运用还不多见。因此，本论文旨在研究通过综合、平衡企业内外因素的基础上，以正在努力应对入世所带来的强烈冲击和挑战的我国制药企业为立足点，从国家环境、产业优势及企业核心竞争力三个主体角度出发，将波特有关竞争优势理论运用于我国制药企业，努力构建一套提升我国制药企业竞争优势的框架体系。 本文分为三大部分，共五章。 第一部分由第一和第二章组成。第一章为导言，内容包括选题的依据、相关研究的回顾、本文研究的思路、方法和主要创新点；第二章是在“竞争优势”相关理论研究的基础上，从一般产业出发，以国家、产业、企业三个主体为立足点，以波特的竞争优势理论为基础，考察如何构建企业的“竞争优势体系”模型。 第二部分即为第三章。首先是从市场、产品结构、研究开发三个角度分别介绍全球制药产业的发展状况和总体趋势。总体认为：步入21世纪，全球制药产业已进入了一个敌众时代，特别是随着生产技术的＊益先进、药物化学研究不断地取得进展以及人类松冈织密码的破译，全球制药产业已经进人到了一个迅猛增长的阶段。山义小山同时指出，该产业的优势主要还是集中在美、日、欧等发达国家，发展小山家与之差距比较明显。在第三章的第二节主要是对我国制药产业现状进行分析，爿。努力挖掘出我国制药产业目前所存在的一些严重阻碍产业发展的深层次的问题，诸如：制药企业多、小、散、乱、低水平重复生产情况严重，产业结构不合理，市场不健全等。第三节特别强调和分析了加入WTO（世界贸易组织）之后，对厂我国制药产业和企业而言，到底存在哪些机遇和挑战，并分别从化学制药、中成药以及生物制药这几个子行业分别予以阐述。 第三部分包括第四、第五和第六章。这一部分主要是分析如何构建我国制药企业的“竞争优势”体系。作者提出要从企业内外出发，以国家、产业、企业三个主体为＿）足点，分别构建我国制药企业的“国家竞争优势”、“产业竞争优势”以及“企业核心竞争力”。 第四十足探U如何构建我国制药企业的“国家竞争优势”：一是要进一步完善市场法规，让）我同医药市场新秩序，优化市场环境：二是实施医药分业待理，解决K期以来由于医药不分所带来的诸如“以药养医”、公费医疗、滥用药品等历史们问题，努力加快制药业的相关＿上游产业即医疗机构的改革步伐；三是积极促进制药业的卜游产业即连锁药店的发展，减少以往过多的中间环节，拉近制药企业与最终消费者的距离，加快两者之间的信息反馈速度，此举更加有利于降低成本；四是积极打i展农村市场，扩大制药业的内需市场。几十年来，药品市场份额绝大部分h。城市，农村只占了一小部分，其发展潜力是巨大的。农村市场将成为我国制药产业新的消费热点和经济增长点。 第五章是构建我国制药企业的“产业竞争优势”。首先是要加快结构调整步伐，走规模化、集约化的发展道路。加快国内制药企业之间以及国内企业与国外大型制药企业…则问R并重组步伐，以改变目前我国制药产业整体呈现的数量多、规模小的格局，优化产业结构。此举更有利于弱化企业之间的无序竞争，有效提升制药产’业的进入壁垒；二是建立产业集群。大力推进与制药产业联系密切的企业以及十［！关支控机构在空间卜集聚，并形成强劲、持续的竞争优势；三是发展有中国特色的四部民族制药，充分发挥东西部各地的优势，促进地区药品市场协调发展。 第六章是讨论构建我国制药企业的核心竞争力。主要采取以下措施：一是有步骤、有i！力］地加快制药企业实施G M P（药品?更多还原

【Abstract】 The wheel of history has already stepped into the 21st century. Entering the WTO successfully and quickening of domestic reform paces, which has offered the scarce historical opportunity for development of Chinese enterprises, But it also exposed the inherent and profound question of Chinese enterprise at the same time, and accelerated domestic enterprise’s standing cruel market competition baptism. All these is enormous challenge undoubtedly to Chinese enterprise, especially to pharmacy enterprise of China, which is weak extremely among international competition, its pressure can’t be ignored. How to catch the historical opportunity, meet challenge, dissolve pressure and promote the competitive advantage of our pharmacy enterprise is the important task of Chinese drug maker and economical circles have been attended all the time.For a long time, there are a lot of explanations about industry’s development. Comparative advantage is most classical, and which is the kind of theory that the economist firmly believed most too, but more and more illustrations show: With the development of international trade and the deepened of globalization day by day, the comparative advantage of the producer’s factor has not been enough to explain the abundant trade form, The leading position of this theory is weakened slowly. And at this moment, competition advantage marches toward the historical stage gradually. Begin from British economist E.chamberlin put forward the concept of competition advantage" in 1939 to Professor Michael E. Porter of American Harvard Business School who studies enterprise’s competitive advantage deeply, competition advantage theory has got considerable developing; its theoretical system is ripe day by day too. Especially establishment and keep of competitive advantage system or obtains of sustainable competitive advantage are the focus that industrial circle pay close attention to, which have already become the central topic studied in strategic management. However, the research about competition advantage theory always waved in two ends of the external environment condition and inside resource (ability) in the past, Failed to find the balance between the two end, and set up the theoretical system of a kind of merger; In addition, domestic and international competitive advantage system application of the concrete industry are rare even, which stand at the research of theory basically. So, this thesis’s purport is on the basis of studying and synthesizing, balanced enterprise’s internal and external factor, take our pharmacy enterprise which are making great efforts to tackle the strong impact and the challenge which brought by the WTO as the foothold, proceed from three subject angles of the national environment, the industry’s advantage and the enterprise’s core competition, make great efforts to structure the frame system of competitive advantage of our pharmacy enterprise.This text is divided into three major parts, amounts to five chapters.The first part consists of the first and the chapter two. Chapter one is Preface, including basis, relevant retrospect, train of thought of this text, method and innovation; Chapter two proceed from general industry on the basis of relevant theoretical research of competitive advantage, regard country, industry, enterprise as the foothold, to observe how to structure advantage system of the competitive models.Second part namely chapter three. At first, Introduce the state of development and overall trend of the Global pharmacy industry from market, product structure, research and develop. As a whole: Stepping into the 21st century, the global pharmacy industry has already entered into golden age, Especially with day by day advanced, medicine chemical research make progress constantly and human genome decoding of password, The global pharmacy industry has already entered into a stage increasing rapidly. But it also point out in the article that the advantage of this industry centers in developed countries mainly, such as the United States and Japan,更多还原