【作者】 张静娴；

【导师】 刘应亮；

【作者基本信息】 暨南大学 ， 无机化学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 在能源紧张、环境污染严重的今天，氢作为一种高能量密度，清洁的新能源，已日益受到人们的瞩目。但氢的贮存和运输却很困难。用高压气瓶贮氢或以液态、固态贮存都不经济也不安全。能否利用氢气作为能源的关键是解决氢气的贮存和运输技术。上世纪七十年代发展起来的贮氢合金材料因具有良好的贮氢性能及其在镍金属氢化物电池中的应用使得各个国家投入大量的人力和物力来研究如何进一步改善其性能的问题。 本论文分别用三种不同的化学方法即还原扩散法，共沉淀还原扩散法，高分子网络凝胶结合还原扩散法制备出多元贮氢合金La_0.4Ce_0.1Nd_0.2Pr_0.3Ni_3.55Co_0.75Mn_0.4Al_0.3。并对制备的合金进行了P—C—T曲线测试和电化学性能测试。对比了前躯体的差异对目的产物性能产生的影响。具体如下： 1．以氧化物直接还原制备多元贮氢合金。 2．以稀土金属氧化物和过渡金属盐为原料，先通过共沉淀法制得氧化物前驱体，再应用还原扩散反应制得多元贮氢合金。 3．以稀土金属氧化物和过渡金属盐为原料，用高分子网络凝胶法制得氧化物前驱体，再用还原扩散法制得多元贮氢合金。 4．对制备的多元贮氢合金进行P-C-T曲线测试，并把合金制成镍氢二次电池的负极测试其活化性能、放电容量、循环性能等电化学性能。结论是采用不同的氧化物前驱体，目的产物性能有较大差异。共沉淀法制备的合金贮氢容量大；高分子网络法制备的合金易活化；而氧化物直接还原扩散制备的合金较难活化，贮氢容量低。更多还原

【Abstract】 Hydrogen has been regarded as one of the new energy sources because of its cleanliness and high energy density. But it is difficult to store and transport it. It is insecure and uneconomical to transport hydrogen in state of gas or liquid. To utilize it effectively, we must resolve the difficulty that how to store hydrogen and transport it. Because of its favorable performance for storage hydrogen and its application in Ni-MH battery, the hydrogen storage alloys which developed in 1970s are thoroughly researched by people in order to further improve their propertiesWe have prepared AB5 type complex hydrogen storage alloy by reduction-diffusion method directly. In order to make comparison, these alloys are synthesized by polymer-network gel method and coprecipitation-reduction-diffusion method at the same time. The thermo-dynamic P-C-T curve test was performed and we have made some electrodes of Ni-MH battery with the complex alloys and then examined their electrochemical properties. The primary experiment process was summarized as follows:1 The complex hydrogen storage alloy has been obtained directly by reduction-diffusion method with rare earth and other metal oxides used as raw material and CaH2 as reductant.2 The oxide precursors were obtained in a polymer-network gel process with the corresponding metal-salts as starting materials. Then the precursors were reduced by calcium hydride in a reduction-diffusion reaction to form the complex hydrogen storage alloy.3 The complex hydrogen storage alloy has been obtained by coprecipitation-reduction-difrusion method with metal-salts and oxalic acid as precipitant in ethanol solution.4 The thermo-dynamic P-C-T curve test was performed on the complex hydrogen storage alloy. The alloys have also been made into electrode of Ni-MH battery to examine their electrochemical behaviour. The result shows that there is great difference among the complex hydrogen storage alloys prepared by different methods.更多还原