高校后勤社会化改革模式与对策研究

【作者】 王克喜；

【导师】 赖明勇； 陈晓春；

【作者基本信息】 湖南大学 ， 工商管理， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 本文对高等教育主要效益指标的国内外比较，指出我国高校效益低下的主要原因是高校后勤职能挤占教育经费和人员编制并制约高校的发展规模。 随着市场经济的发展和市场化程度的提高，高校后勤社会化改革的宏观经济环境已经成熟，同时具备强制性、引致性改革的双重动因。但是，三年改革实践，大部分高校仍然是学校主体办后勤。通过对校内市场垄断经营及产权主体单一的经济学分析指出：所有权束缚、官僚化的制度环境、企业制度和企业文化的缺失是后勤实体经济效率低下的主要原因。通过对改革的利益相关者在改革中的政治、经济动机的博弈分析指出：改革成本、政治风险、既得利益等因素决定不实施社会化改革是学校、后勤实体、消费者三者的“共谋均衡”，在政府改革政策的主导作用下，容易陷入“囚徒困境”。因此，政府要有与学校、后勤实体“博弈”的意识，主动承担和降低改革的经济成本和政治风险，实施产权改造，使所有权主体多元化，建立现代企业制度，硬化实体经营行为中的预算约束，改革才能向最优目标迈进。 近三年改革的五种实践形式从体制转型上可归纳为单体转制、联合转制、社会承办三种模式，学校所处的经济地理和自身条件决定改革模式的有效性。特别指出：普遍采用的单体转制模式，过渡时间长，改革难度大，应采取“三步走战略”，即规范剥离，现代企业制度过渡，产权置换(学校股权淡出)，融入社会。在改革中应建立以市场为导向的、兼顾公益性的价格机制，后勤企业应实施4C营销策略，加强企业文化建设，提高核心竞争能力。 湖南科技大学的改革具有代表性，对其实证分析指出：改革总体效益明显，融资建设后勤设施效果明显，实体内部资源管理效率有一定提高。但因产权主体单一，激励机制与约束机制不对称，事业制度惯性造成生产要素价格扭曲，员工高工资、高福利侵蚀利润，对实体经济效率有负面影响。学校、后勤实体效益不显著，资产保值增值无制度保障。学校对员工薪酬标准会采取平衡抑制措施，实体自主权缩小，改革陷入两难境地，从而说明，不实施产权改革的单体转制是低效率改革。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper points out that the main cause of low-benefited universities is that the service department occupies educational finance and organization of staff and restrains developmental stale of universities through comparing the main norms passing on benefit in foreign with domestic.As the development of market economy and improvement of marketlization, the macroscopic economic environment for socialization in reformation in service department of universities has become mature and holds bilateral dynamic causes as compulsory and guiding. However, most of the universities are still in a statement of operating service department through the subject-universities after reformation for Syears.the analysis of economy in monopolized management within campus and solo subject of property right argues that the main cause to low economic efficiency in service entity is restrain of ownership, institutional environment of bureaucracy and lacks of business system and business culture. As the analysis of game theory in relevant motivation of economy and politics puts it, the factors, costs of reformation, political risks and vested interests, determine a reformation without socialization in a "public equilibrium" among universities, service entity and consumers, which tends to be in "prisoner’s dilemma" under the guidance of government. Therefore, the government should maintain the consciousness of playing a game of "go "chess with universities and service entity, operate a transformation of property right, multiply the subjects of ownership, set up system of modern enterprises and regulate restrains of budget in entity managing so as to enhance reformation to the best goal.Five forms of system transformation in recent 3 years can be concluded into 3 patterns that are: sole, combination and society undertaking. Economic geography the university locates and its own conditions are decisive to the effect of reformation pattern, especially, the wide adopted transformation insole should be operated in three steps, which are normative separation, operation of modern enterprise system, exchange of property right and its entering society, because of long time for transition and difficulties in reformation. The price system, guided by market and taking public good in account, should be establish in reformation, meantime, the service enterprises, should carryout "4C"in strategies of management and sale, strengthen construction ofenterprise culture and improve ability of core competition.Reformation in science and technology in Hunan is representative, the positive analysis of it illustrates that there is apparent effect in general profit of reformation, service equipment after construction of merged finance and efficiency of resources management within the entity. But some negative factors still exist owing to sole subject of property right, dissymmetry between system of motivation and restrain, deformed price of production factors caused by systematical inertia and high wages and high welfare sent to staff, benefit for universities and service entity is not eminent and talking of security to appears keeping-value and proliferation. The standard wage universities to staff will be in a measure of inhibiting in balance and the decision-making power of entity is narrowed, became of which reformation will be in corner. A conclusion is drawn from this that transformation in sole without reformation of property right is the one in low efficiency.更多还原