【作者】 谢文军；

【导师】 樊治成；

【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 蔬菜学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 近几年，丝瓜的种植面积逐渐增大，并开始有露地生产向保护地生产转变。而丝瓜育种起步较晚，品种单一，难以满足生产的需要。本研究选用不同类型的丝瓜（包括有棱丝瓜、普通长瓜型丝瓜和普通短瓜型丝瓜）进行杂交，研究不同组合F1的表现、丝瓜性状间的关系及遗传规律。目的是探索丝瓜育种的有效途径，为丝瓜育种提供理论指导。1 采用方差分析、变异系数分析比较了12个品种的12个性状间的差异，结果表明，12个性状在不同品种间存在极显著差异，其中雌花数、第一雌花节位、产量和叶面积的变异最大，其次是株高、座果率、果实发育速度、节间长度、叶片数，单果重、瓜长、瓜径的变异系数最小，在不同的品种中表现差异不大。不同类型丝瓜杂交F1有杂种优势，不同的组合优势性状表现不同。从性状来看，第一雌花节位、叶片数、株高优势组合数较多，优势组合比率为100％，雌花数、单瓜重的优势组合数较少，优势组合比率为42.9％。第一雌花节位、叶面积、产量、株高、座果率、叶片数、果实发育速度、雌花数的优势幅度较大，且变异系数较大，以这些性状为育种目标，较易获得表现优良的组合。普通丝瓜间杂交产量、果长优势明显，产量相关性状的优势较大。有棱品种与普通品种杂交，产量大幅下降，表现负向优势，而株高、节间长度、叶片数却表现大幅正向优势，最高中亲优势达111％，植株的生长势大大增强。所有组合的第一雌花节位优势较大，杂交后，第一雌花节位明显增高，中亲优势幅度在14％～190％之间。2光合色素含量与光合速率在不同的生长阶段有不同的优势表现。总的看来，光合色素含量性状从苗期到结果盛期优势强度逐渐增大，类胡萝卜素的优势强度最大，其次是叶绿素a、叶绿素a+b。3x6、4x6的光合色素含量性状优势和光合速率优势都较大，与产量优势形成一致。从全部组合分析，光合色素含量性状、光合速率的优势与产<WP=6>量的优势表现相关性不显著，大多数情况下他们之间的优势表现不一致。光合色素含量与光合速率呈正相关，其中叶绿素a、叶绿素a+b与光合速率的相关系数较大。光合速率与产量呈正相关，苗期、结果盛期达显著水平，相关系数分别为0.6104、0.6808。3 通过遗传相关分析、通径分析和主成份分析对丝瓜7个早熟性状进行研究发现，座果率、果实发育速度是丝瓜早熟的最重要性状，其次是雌花数，叶片数和单果重对早期产量有间接影响，它们通过果实发育速度对早熟性产生作用。第一雌花节位与雌花数呈极显著正相关，也是一重要的早熟性状。 对丝瓜的12个植株性状进行相关分析表明，雌花数与产量的相关性最大达极显著水平正相关，相关系数为0.9354，单瓜重、果实发育速度相关性达显著水平，相关系数为0.6905、0.5803，第一雌花节位与雌花数、产量呈负相关，座果率与雌花数、产量呈负相关。雌花数、单瓜重、果实发育速度、第一雌花节位、座果率构成产量性状相关群。株高与第一雌花节位、叶片数、节间长度、叶面积呈显著水平正相关，相关系数分别为0.7578、0.7753、0.8838、0.6642，这几个性状构成植株生长相关性状群。4 采用主成分分析法，构建了四个主成份性状，根据杂交组合的主成份性状表现，确定4x6组合是表现最好的杂交组合。遗传力分析表明，第一雌花节位、雌花数、产量等性状的遗传力较大，选择效果好，可进行直接选择。瓜径、单瓜重、瓜长性状的遗传力较小，选择效果差，宜进行间接选择。育种时，要根据性状的遗传特性，科学地进行选择。更多还原

【Abstract】 Studies on Heterosis and Characters Heredity in Different Type of LuffaWenjun Xie(College of Horticulture,Shandong Agricultural University.Taian,China,271018) Recently, cultivation area of towel gourd has been increasing year by year. Production of towel gourd began relatively late and had few strains. This situation could not meet the need of production .The research selected different categories of towel gourd (including Luffa cylindrica Roem and Luffa acutangula Roxb) to cross and study performance of F1 generation, correlation among characters and hereditary law, covering studies on early maturity characters, character performance of different cultivars and heterosis analysis and so on. The aim was to find efficient way of towel gourd breeding and afford theoretical guide to towel gourd breeding. The main results of research was as follows.1 Analysis of coefficient of twelve characters between twelve var. showed that variance of twelve character performance of different cultivars was extremely significant. The number of the female flower, the node of the first flower, yield and area of leaf vary mostly greatly. The next was the height of plant, the fruit set rate, the rate of fruit growing, the average length of node, the number of leaf. The single fruit weight, the length of fruit, the diameter of fruit had least difference between these vars.12. Heterosis existed in F1 generation from different categories. Different hybrid combinations performed variedly. The number of dominant combination of the node of the first flower, number<WP=8>of leaf, and height of plant was much more than that of the number of female flower, the single fruit weight, the length of fruit. The node of first flower, area of leaf, yield, height, the fruit set rate, number of leaf, the rate of fruit growing, number of female flower had great coefficient. Combinations with good performance among these characters were easily required. Yield and length of fruit among hybrid in Luffa cylindrical Roem had obvious heterosis. The yield of the hybrid between Luffa cylindrical Roem and Luffa acutangula Roxb drops dramatically and showed negative heterosis, whereas the height of plant, length of internode, number of leaf showed obvious heterosis and plants grew strong.2 Photosynthetic pigments and photosynthetic rates were different during the different growing stages. Generally the content of photosynthetic pigments increased from seedling to period of vigorous fruitage among them the content of carotenoid was the greatest, the next was chlorophyll-a and the sum of chorophyll-a and chorophyll-b. Both had great predominance in hybrid 3x6 and 4x6,in agreement with production formation. Seeing from all combinations didn,t correlate significantly with yield performance, most probably not in conformation. The relationship between photosynthetic rate, photosynthetic pigments and yield varied during different development stage. High content of photosynthetic pigment, esp chlorophyll-a, the sum of chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b led to high photosynthetic rate. Photosynthetic rate positively correlated with yield during seedling and vigorous stage.3 Through analysis of correlation of coefficient, path coefficient and principal component, the early maturity of towel gourd was studied. The results show that the fruit set rate and the rate of fruit growing are the most important characters. The next was the number of female flower. The number<WP=9>of leaf and the single fruit weight had indirect influence on early yield. They affected the early maturity through the rate of fruit growing. The node of the first of flower was also a maturity character, which had extremely significantly positive correlation with the number of female flower. Through variance analysis and coefficient of variation between 12 characters showed that the number of female flower positively correlated largest with yield, reaching a extremely significant level. The single fruit weight, the rate of fruit growing reached significant level. The node of the fir更多还原