【作者】 韩子强；

【导师】 李建基； 王春璈；

【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 临床兽医学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究包括两个试验：试验一，诊断方法研究 ，研究附红细胞体病病原体的特点和准确有效的诊断方法 ；试验二，防治措施研究，探索猪附红细胞体病合理的预防和治疗措施。试验一 猪附红细胞体病诊断方法的研究 通过对猪附红细胞体的直接镜检、超微结构观察以及附红细胞体病猪的血液学检查、临床症状观察、病理学变化、红细胞脆性检查、网织红细胞记数以及生化指标的测定等方面的研究，总结出一套行之有效的猪附红细胞体隐性感染和显性感染猪的综合诊断方法。研究结果如下： 1.猪附红细胞体病病原体研究 对附红细胞体进行血液悬滴压片，发现附红细胞体以前、后、左、右、上、下等不同的方向翻滚、扭转运动；它们单个或聚合在一起存在于血浆中或附着在红细胞上；附着在红细胞上的附红细胞体已停止运动。根据附红细胞体的这种特点，可以在光镜下快速诊断是否有附红细胞体感染。通过对血涂片进行瑞氏染色、姬姆萨染色，附在红细胞上的附红细胞体被染成紫红色或蓝褐色，如宝石一样镶嵌在红细胞上。染色后镜检排除了由于在压片镜检中造成红细胞变形而误认为是附红细胞体感染的假阳性结果。在透射电镜和扫描电镜下观察，可以见到附红细胞体是一种典型的原核生物，为环状、球状、盘状等多种形态，大小（φ ）从0.2~2.6μm不等；无细胞壁，仅有一层单层限制膜包裹着，无明显 细胞器和细胞核，并见到有的附红细胞体被包囊包裹的现象，这是以前文献中未曾报道的；在某些附红细胞体上可见一到几根细的纤丝与红细胞膜连接或者相互连接成一体，成为聚合小体。很多较大的附红细胞体附在红细胞膜上，使红细胞膜出现皱褶、突起、凹陷，失去正常的形态。附红细胞体的这些超微结构特点为确诊附红细胞体隐性感染和鉴别提供了依据。2.猪附红细胞体病的检查<WP=8> 对附红细胞体病病猪血液学检查结果表明：红细胞数、红细胞压积和淋巴细胞数下降，而白细胞总数、红细胞脆性和网织红细胞有上升。在临床症状中，贫血、发热、黄疸是其主要表现，同时还伴有不同程度的精神沉郁、食欲不振、腹泻、呕吐等症状。病理解剖可见血液稀薄，血凝延迟、胃肠粘膜出血；其它部位粘膜、浆膜和脂肪 黄染；肝脾肿大；肺脏水肿，肾脏肿大，皮质有出血点；心脏扩张，心外膜和心脏冠状沟脂肪有出血点。病理组织学可见肝脏汇管区和肝窦充血，肝细胞颗粒变性、肿胀，肝小叶边缘间质中有含铁血黄素的巨噬细胞；心肌纤维部分颗粒变性，纤维间炎性细胞浸润，水肿；肾小管上皮细胞颗粒变性坏死，肾皮质充血，出血；肺具有间质性肺炎的变化，淋巴结有浆液性炎症的变化。在生化指标中血清胆红素含量、谷丙转氨酶、黄疸指数明显升高，其中重症病猪血清胆红素含量可高达30mg/100ml以上，谷丙转氨酶活性升高，可达195单位以上，黄疸指数可达6.7；血糖明显下降，重症病猪可降到50.3mg/100ml.。实验二 猪附红细胞体病治疗试验 该试验主要是探索治疗猪附红细胞体病的有效药物。试验猪为20例自然病例（体重以15-20kg猪为主），随机分为4组，每组5头。Ⅰ组为空白对照组，不予治疗；Ⅱ组用盐酸咪唑苯脲进行治疗；Ⅲ组用血虫净进行治疗；Ⅳ组用强力霉素进行治疗。 试验结果表明：血虫净、盐酸咪唑苯脲和强力霉素都能有效地抑制和杀灭附红细胞体病病原，具有显著的疗效，其治愈率分别为80%、90%和100%。病猪治疗三天后，治疗结果与治疗前比较，试验组与对照组比较，变化都较明显，血常规指标、生化指标等指标差异性显著（P<0.05）。强力霉素组与血虫净组、盐酸咪唑苯脲组相比，3天后治疗效果变化不明显，各项指标差异性不显著（P>0.05）。但强力霉素的有效率和治愈率都高于血虫净和盐酸咪唑苯脲，而且由于强力霉素是广谱抗生素，能防治机体 被其它细菌感染，并能通过胎盘进入胎儿循环防治垂直感染，同时毒副作用小，因此强力霉素与血虫净、盐酸咪唑苯脲相比，是一种治疗和预防猪附红细胞体病的首选药物。更多还原

【Abstract】 The study included two main parts. The first was the experiment of the characters of Eperythrozoon for finding accurate and effective diagnostic methods of Eperythrozoonosis. The second was the experiment on therapy of Eperythrozoonsis in order to explore effective and reasonable ways to prevent and treatment in pigs.Test 1. The experiment on the Diagnostic method of Eperythrozoonosis in pigs A method of synthetic diagnosis of dominant or latent Eperyhrozoonosis had been set up by observation on Eperythrozoon with direct microscopy and electro-microscope, clinical symptom, hematological, patho-anatomic, patho-histological change and the indexes of biochemistry. The results as following:1. The study on Eperythrozoon in pigs Eperythrozoon was completely free organism, running with roll and twist in various directions in the plasma with microscopy. They were single or aggregate that existed in blood plasma or attached to erythrocyte. The Eperythrozoon attached to erythrocyte was not moved. It could be diagnosed easily whether the animal suffered by Eperythrozoon or not according to the characteristic of Eperythrozoon in the study. Eperythrozoon that attached to erythrocyte was purple red and blue brown, as gems adhered in erythrocyte with Wright and Giemas staining. The mistake that erythrocytes had been infected suffering from the changes of erythrocyte forms in glass cove was cut down with the staining. Eperythrozoon was typical pronucleus (ranging in size from 0.2 to 2.6μm) with form of ring, glob-us, ovoid, rod etc. under a scanning electro-microscopy and transmission electro-microscopy. Eperythrozoon had not cytomem-brne, obvious organellae and nucleus, and had only a single limited membrane. The phenomenon was observed that Eperythrozoon had been wrapped by bag parcel for first time. One to several filaments (cillia) was<WP=10>found which connected to membrane of erythrocyte in typical Eperythrozoon or Eperythrozoon and erythrocyte twined mutually in one body as called polymer. The membrane of erythrocytes that was attached with greater Eperythrozoon lost normal with forarise fold, rises, hollow. The negative influence could be distinguished and similar case could be diagnosed according the above characteristics of Eperythrozoon.2 Study on Eperythrozoonosis in pigs The result of hematology inspection on eperythrozoonosis in pigs showed that: The number of erythrocyte, hematocrit, lymphcyte in blood reduced; Leukocyte, retic-ulocyte, fragility of erythrocyte had a tendency to rise. The pigs suffered from eperythrozoozosis appeared ananenia, ic-terus and fever mainly in clinic. At the same time, the animals had else symptom possibly such as depress, anorexia, diarrhea, vomit etc. It was seen on pathological dissection that the changes included hydremia, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, gastrointestinal mucous hemorrhage; lung fluid, kidney swelling, cortex corticis bleeding as points; heart extending, epicardium and sul-lcus atrioventricular bleeding as points; It was seen on Pathology histology that the changes included hyperemia in portal area and sinusoid of liver, denaturation and swelling of liver cell, hemosiderosisin Kuppfer cellon on the edge of liver lobule; denaturation and exudative inflammation of partial cardiac muscle fibers, cardiac edema; granular degeneration necrosis of renal tubule epithelial cell renal; cortex hyperemia and hemorrhage; interstitial pneumonia; serous lymph-adenitis changes. For biochemical indexes, SGPT (serum glutamate-pyravate treansa-minse), serum bilirubin, digit of icterus went up obviously. In pigs suffered from serious Eperythroz-oonosis, SGPT serum bilirubin could reach 30mg/100ml, SGPT could reach 195 units and digit of icterus could reach 50.3mg/100ml.Test2. Study on the methods to treat Eperythrozoonosis in pigs The aim of study was to explore the effective medicine of the Eperythrozoonosis in pigs. Twenty pigs (weight with 15-20kg) were divided into four groups, five pigs per group. Group Ⅰwas control and not treated. GroupⅡ w更多还原