【作者】 袁春瑛；

【导师】 薛兴利；

【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 农业经济管理， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 农民是我国最大的社会阶层和利益群体，也是最大的保障对象群体。研究解决好农民的养老保障问题，既是保障农民基本权利的客观需要，也是关系到农村政治、经济、社会能否稳定、持续发展的大问题。因而，在对农村现实社会经济条件进行剖析的基础上，明确建立健全农村社会养老保险制度的必要性与可行性，并借鉴国外成功经验，探索设计出适合我国农村实际和适应社会主义市场经济发展要求的农村社会养老保险制度，对于解除农民养老的后顾之忧，缓和计划生育政策与农民生育观念的冲突，促进农村社会经济的稳定发展，具有十分重要的理论与实践意义。论文共分为六个部分：第一部分，引言。首先笔者从目前我国农村人口老龄化问题日趋严重和传统的家庭养老方式面临诸多挑战的现实出发，提出尽快建立健全适合我国国情的农村社会养老保险制度的必要性与迫切性，明确了本文的研究目的。然后，对国内外农村社会养老保险的研究动态、本文的研究思路与研究方法做了简要介绍。第二部分，农村社会养老保险的基本范畴界定与理论基础。首先对养老保险、社会养老保险、商业养老保险及农村社会养老保险等基本概念做了界定。继而提出了建立健全我国农村社会养老保险制度的理论依据，主要包括马克思主义社会保障理论、经济福利理论、社会有效需求理论、生命循环储蓄理论和风险管理理论。第三部分，我国农村社会养老保险事业发展概况。首先对改革开放前我国农村养老问题的解决方式做了简要介绍，然后从我国农村社会养老保险产生的背景出发，分别阐述了农村社会养老保险事业从萌芽、初创、发展到徘徊四个阶段的情况。第四部分，建立健全我国农村社会养老保险制度的必要性与可行性。必要性主要从四个方面进行了论证。一是农村人口老龄化程度及速度均高于城镇，而其经济基础与城镇相比则比较薄弱，从而导致农村的养老形势更为严峻。二是农村传统的家庭养老方式正面临着诸多困难与挑战，主要体现在家庭赡养功能弱化、土地保障功能降低两个方面，很难再维系农民的养老需求。三是现行农村社会养老保险方案在实践过程中存在诸多问<WP=5>题，尚难以解决广大农民的养老问题。四是建立健全农村社会养老保险制度具有十分积极的社会经济意义，如有利于促进农业现代化的实现和农村城镇化进程的加快，有利于深化乡镇企业改革，有利于启动农民的消费需求，有利于调节城乡收入分配、缓和社会矛盾等。可行性主要从经济可行性和社会环境可行性两个方面进行了论证。通过对国家、集体、农民个人的财力状况及农民的养老观念、对农村社会养老保险的了解和认可情况等的现状分析，笔者认为当前无论从经济还是从社会环境方面而言，我国多数地区都已基本具备了实施农村社会养老保险的条件。 第五部分，典型国家的农民社会养老保险制度及其启示。首先简要概述了国外农民社会养老保险实践的总体情况及德国、瑞典、日本、法国农民社会养老保险制度的具体做法，然后在此基础上总结了其对建立健全我国农村社会养老保险制度的启示，如制度多元化、制度法律化、制度渐进化、实行必要的给付前提等。第六部分，建立健全我国农村社会养老保险制度的基本设想。首先阐述了建立健全我国农村社会养老保险制度的总体思路与应遵循的基本原则。其次，对农村社会养老保险基金的筹集、运营及监管三个方面分别进行了创新研究，提出了适合我国国情的科学、公平、高效的运行机制。最后，提出了建立健全我国农村社会养老保险制度的相关政策措施，如加快立法进程，大力发展县域经济、增加农民收入，加大宣传力度，加强农村社会养老保险的队伍建设，加强农村社会养老保险与城镇社会养老保险制度的相互协调与衔接等。更多还原

【Abstract】 The peasantry is the largest social class and beneficial group, and the biggest insured object group. So it is not only the impersonal demand for ensuring the peasantry’s basic rights but also a serious problem that relates to the sustainable development of the rural politics, economics and society that studying and resolving the problem of the rural pension insurance. So, on the base of the analyzing the actual economic condition of the rural society, specifying the necessity and feasibility to establish and perfect the rural social pension insurance system, using the successful experience of other countries for reference, seeking after and designing the rural social pension insurance system that fits to the actual state of our county and the demand for the development of the socialism market economy, which can resolve the problem of the endowment insurance of the rural elders , abate the conflict between the family planning policy and the peasantry’s bearing conception and speed the rural society’s development, all of these have important significance in the theory and in the practice. The paper consists of the six sections as follows: The first section is introduction. Basing on the facts that the old ageing is gradually serious in rural areas, and the traditional pattern of domestically supporting the aged is faced with lots of challenges, the writer puts forward to establish and perfect the rural social pension insurance system as soon as possible, and explains the purpose of the thesis. Then the paper gives some brief introduction as well on the practice and research trends of the social pension insurance of domestic and abroad and the research thoughts and research method of this paper has been also introduced. The second section is the basic concepts and relating theories of the rural social pension insurance. Firstly, the writer defines and categorizes several concepts that involved. Then puts forward the academic bases on establishing and perfecting the rural social pension insurance, mainly including Marxism theory on Social Security, Economic Welfare, valid demand of Society, Life Cycle Hypothesis of theory and Risk Management theory.The third section states the survey of the rural social pension insurance development in china. Firstly, the patterns of Chinese rural pension insurance before the reformation and opening are briefly introduced. Then basing on the background of the rural social pension insurance, the writer expatiates the four stages respectively, that is origin, budding, developing and hovering. The fourth section states the necessity and feasibility of establishing and perfecting the rural social pension insurance system in China. Necessity is demonstrated from four aspects. Firstly, The extent of the old ageing is larger and the speed is faster in country than in city, while the economic base of the former is relatively weaker than the latter.<WP=7>This makes the situation of rural pension insurance more serious. Secondly, The traditional pattern of domestically supporting the aged (mainly depends on family and land) in country is facing with lots of difficulties and challenges. Thirdly, The present rural social pension insurance has its weaknesses and can’t resolve the problem of peasantry’s pension. Fourthly, It has very positive social and economic significance that establishing and perfecting the rural social pension insurance system. Such as, it can help to promote the agricultural modernization and expedite the process of urbanization, to deepen the reform of township enterprises, to stimulate demands of peasants, and to coordinate the income distribution between the city and country, and relieve social contradictions. Feasibility is mainly demonstrated from economical and social aspects. By analyzing the financial situations of state, collective and individual peasants, as well as the peasants’ understanding of old-age pension, the writer concludes that it is time to carry out the rural social pension insurance in most rural areas since they have had the necessar更多还原