【作者】 孙炳剑；

【导师】 李洪连；

【作者基本信息】 河南农业大学 ， 植物病理学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 通过对郑州地区不同时期、不同地点和不同类型草坪的根部病害的调查结果表明：在郑州地区草坪根部病害的主要真菌分离物有：镰刀菌(Fusarium spp.)、链格孢菌(Alternaria spp.)、丝核菌(Rhizoctonia spp.)、德氏霉菌(Drechslera spp.)、弯孢菌(Curvularia spp.)和腐霉菌(Pythium spp.)，其中镰刀菌(Fusarium spp.)和丝核菌(Rhizoctonia spp.)的分离频率随着草坪根部病害发生的严重程度增加而增加，两者呈正相关；而链格孢菌的分离频率与草坪根部病害的发生呈负相关，分离频率与病害随着病害发生程度增加而减少。其他病原物分离频率的变化趋势与病害的发展无明显相关性。 通过对主要病原菌的致病力测定发现，致病力较强的病原菌有：镰刀菌属的木贼镰刀菌(F.equiseti)、茄类镰刀菌(F. solani)、串珠镰刀菌(F.moniliforme)和禾谷镰刀菌(F.graminearum)，德氏霉属的早熟禾德氏霉(Drechslera poae)；丝核菌属的立枯丝核菌(Rh.solani)和禾谷丝核菌(Rh.cerealis)。其中以木贼镰刀菌(F.equiseti)和茄类镰刀菌(F.solani)的致病力最强；分离频率结果表明，茄类镰刀菌(F. solani)高于木贼镰刀菌(F.equiseti)和其他镰刀菌。结合分离频率和致病性的结果，可以得出结论：镰刀菌属的茄类镰刀菌(F. solani)为优势菌株。丝核菌属的立枯丝核菌(Rh.solani)(AG-4融合群)为优势菌。因此，我们认为引起郑州市草坪根部病害的优势病菌为茄类镰刀菌(F.solani)和立枯丝核菌(Rh.solani)(AG-4融合群)。在郑州地区这是第一次将草坪根部病害病原菌明确到种，丝核菌明确到融合群。 根据利用茄类镰刀菌（F solani人立枯丝核菌（Rh．solani）和瓜果腐霉菌（Pythium phanthermatum）等 3种病原菌以及 3种菌的混合物，接种目前常用的草坪禾草3个属（黑麦草、早熟禾和高羊茅）29个品种。结果表明：综合所有接种的处理，高羊茅属和黑麦草属的品种较早熟禾属的品种抗病性强。在接种立枯丝核菌（Rh．solani）的处理，高羊茅属的草种抗病性最好，其中抗病性较好的有黄金岛、美洲虎、猎狗5号和火凤凰；早熟禾品种普遍发病率较高，一般发病率大于50％，但是抢手股表现出良好的抗病性；对于黑麦草，其中抗病性较强的是绿宝石和百盛；在接种茄类镰刀菌（F solani）的处理，高羊茅属的草种对茄类镰刀菌具有明显抗病性，其中红宝石和黄金岛有良好的抗病性；早熟禾属的公园、抢手股和蓝月抗病性较强；黑麦草属的绿宝石、百盛和萨卡尼的抗病性较强；在接种瓜果腐霉菌仅 aphanidermatum）的处理，高羊茅属属黄金岛、美洲虎和猎狗5号的抗病性较好；早熟禾品种普遍出苗率很低，所有出苗的禾草基本上都发现有病变；黑麦草的百盛、萨卡尼和托亚的抗病性较强；在三种重要致病菌的混合接种 门：1：1）处理中，高羊茅属美洲虎和红宝石的抗病性较好；早熟禾品种普遍发病率较高，只有优异和抢手股相对较好；对于黑麦草的接种情况分析发现，混合接种造成发病率较高，相对抗病性较好是凯蒂沙。 通过室内毒力测定筛选了一批生防菌株和化学杀菌剂，进一步盆栽的试验结果表明：在接种立枯丝核菌mh．solani）的草坪草上，对根部病害有明显防治效果的化学药剂是扑海因，生防菌有淡紫拟青霉（Paecilo帆eslilaC切C）（真菌人R14、R16和细菌风，盆栽试验的防治效果分别达到 266．3％，、56．3％、50石％、44．2％和 53刀％，并且在 5％的显著水平下Duncan＊氏新复极方差分析结果，以上5种处理的防治效果无显著差异。筛选到的复配杀菌剂u美双＋三哇酮）的防治效果比较明显达到55．l％，分别高于两种单剂福美双和三哩酮的防效 52．2％和 40．1％；在接种茄类镰刀菌（尸solani）的草坪草上，不同防治因子对根部病害防治的结果表明，两种生防菌R；。和细菌B。；的防治效果十分明显，分别达到达到 70．5％和 65．4％。化学药剂扑海因、棉花保苗剂、三哩酮和复配杀菌剂（福美双＋三哩酮）的防治效果较好分别达到 64．9O、64．1o、42．3O和 46．5O。更多还原

【Abstract】 Through investigating, isolating and pathogen identifying, we found the pathogens of turfgrass root disease in Zhengzhou area were Fusarium spp., Rhizoctonia spp., Drechslera spp., Curvularia spp. and Pythium spp. etc. Fusarium and Rhizoctonia were positively correlated with turfgrass root diseases prevalence, Alternaria was negatively correlated, and the other fungi have no obviously correlation. F. solani and Rh. solani(AG-4) had the more isolating frequency and the severe virulence. So we think that the two pathogens were the dominant pathogens of turfgrass root diseases in Zhengzhou area.Through testing resistance of 29 cultivar (belong to Poa spp., Lolium spp. and Festuca spp.), the result indicated that: in test of inoculation of Rh. solani, for Festuca spp. resistant variety were Gold island, Juguar 3, Hound dog 5 and Fire phoenix, for Poa spp. were no, for Lolium spp. were Sonoran and Bison. In test of inoculation of F. solani, for Festuca spp. resistant variety were Roby and Gold island, for Poa spp. were Park, Bluechip and Blue moon, for Lolium spp. were Bason and Sakini. In test of inoculation of Pythium aphanidermatum, for Festuca spp. resistant variety were Juguar 3, Gold island and Hound dog 5, for Poa spp. were no, for Lolium spp. were Bason, Sakini and Tirna. In test of mixed inoculation of Rh. solani, F. solani, and P. aphanidermatum (1:1:1), for Festuca spp. resistant variety were Juguar 3 and Roby, for Poa spp. were Merit and Bluechip, for Lolium spp. was Caddiesshack.Result of test of pot cultivated and virulence of fungicides indicate: for turfgrass root disease caused by Rh. solani, effective obviously fungicides was Iprodione, and Paecilomyces lilacinus, RH, R16 and B01 (bacterium) were effective antagonists. Control effects were 66.3%, 56.3%, 50.6%, 44.2% and 53.0% separately, and results of Duncan’ s One-way ANOVA shown that there are no remarkable difference in the above-mentioned 5 kinds of inhibitor under 5% remarkable level. Control effect of mixed fungicides (Triadimefon+Thiram) up to 55.1% obviously, better than Triadimefon (52.2%) and Thiram65(40.1%) separately.Result of test of pot cultivated and virulence of fungicides indicate: for turfgrass root disease caused by F.solani, effective obviously chemical fungicides was Iprodione, and R16 and B01 (bacterium) were effective antagonists. Control effects were 64.9%, 70.5% and 65.4% separately, and results of Duncan1 s One-way ANOVA shown that there is no remarkable difference in the above-mentioned 3 kinds of inhibitor under 5% remarkable level. Control effect of cotton seedling protective agent (CSPA), Triadimefon and mixed fungicides (Triadimefon+Thiram) were 64.1%, 42.3% and 46.5% separately.更多还原