【作者】 黄嘉鑫；

【导师】 车代弟；

【作者基本信息】 东北农业大学 ， 果树学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 唐菖蒲(Gladiolus hybridus Hort)是世界著名的四大切花之一。如何实现优质切花的周年生产是唐菖蒲研究的重要内容，而花芽分化又是由营养生长向生殖生长转化的关键时期，是花期调控的核心。光照因子是影响唐菖蒲生长发育的一个主要环境因子，特别在北方地区秋、冬、春较寒冷时期的棚室生产时，光照条件是优质切花生产的主要限制因素。本文从光照因子对唐菖蒲花芽分化进程和相关理化指标含量变化的影响以及显微水平上唐菖蒲花芽分化的动态过程，进行了系统的研究和探讨。采用不同光照长度(8h短日照长度，12h中日照长度和14～16h长日照长度)和不同光照强度(对照：100％自然光照；一层遮阴：40％左右透光率；二层遮阴：20％左右透光率；四层遮阴：3％左右透光率)处理，研究了早、中、晚三个不同熟期的唐菖蒲品种受光照影响在花芽分化进程上的差异，以及分化过程中球茎内和叶片中蛋白质、可溶性糖、淀粉、DNA、RNA等理化指标的含量变化的规律。试验研究结果表明： 唐菖蒲花芽分化可以分为8个时期：(1)花芽未分化期；(2)花序分化期；(3)花原基分化期：(4)苞片分化期；(5)花瓣分化期；(6)雄蕊分化期；(7)雌蕊分化期；(8)花序伸长期。 早熟品种比中熟和晚熟品种提前进入花芽分化期，而且花芽分化进程最快。 8h短日照处理能够促进唐菖蒲植株的花芽分化，提前花期，特别是对中熟和晚熟品种作用更为明显。12h中日照处理花期略为提前，但没有8h作用明显。8h短日照处理导致唐菖蒲植株叶片内蛋白质、可溶性糖含量和淀粉含量降低，而对球茎内蛋白质、可溶性糖和淀粉含量影响不大。 光照强度过低将会导致唐菖蒲花芽败育，不能进一步分化。可将唐菖蒲的花芽分化分为两个阶段，第一阶段是花芽发生至4叶期，对光照不敏感；第二阶段是4叶期至花芽分化完成，对光照敏感。低光强对叶片的影响比对球茎的影响显著，叶片内蛋白质、可溶性糖、淀粉等含量在高光强下水平较高，特别是在花序发育阶段明显高于低光强下植株内含量。相比较而言，早熟品种忍耐低光强的能力较强。更多还原

【Abstract】 Gladiolus is one of the four major cut flower famous of the world. How to realize the high-quality cut flower producing annually is an important content of disquisition on Gladiolus, and flower bud differentiation is a key period from vegetative growth to reproductive growth, and also is the core of adjust and control in florescence. Illumination is one of major environmental factors which effect the growing of Gladiolus, especially is the major limited factors for high-quality cut flower production in the greenhouse when the weather is cold on autumn, winter and spring in the north area. In the thesis it was systemically studied and discussed the illumination effected the flower bud differentiation course of Gladiolus; relevant physiological-biochemical index and dynamic process on microstructure of Gladiolus flower differentiation. Introducing different daylength treatment as 8 hours short daylength, 12 hours middle daylength and 14-16 hours daylength treatments and different intensities of illumination treatment as control treatment about 100% of natural lighting; one tier shading treatment about 40% transmittancy, two tiers shading treatment about 20% transmittancy and four tiers shading treatment about 3% transmittancy. Studied the discrepancy of the course of Gladiolus flower bud differentiation of three Gladiolus varieties on different autumn on light treatment, and in the course of flower bud differentiation the content varietied rhythm of the proteid, soluble sugar, starch, DNA and RNA and so on. Test result of study indicated:There were divided six period in flower bud differentiation of Gladiolus, including (1) Unifferentiation Phase; (2) Inflorescence Differentiation Phase; (3) Single Flower Different--iation Phase; (4) Bract Differentiation Phase; (5) Petal Differentiation Phase; (6) Stamen Differentiation Phase.; (7) Pistil Differentiation Phase; (8) Inflorescence elongation Phase.Early-maturing variety entered flower bud differentiation earlier than middle and late variety, and the process of flower bud differentiation also faster.Short daylength light treatment of 8 hours could promote flower bud differentiation of Gladiolus, and advance florescence, especially for middle and late variety of mature period. 12 hours daylength light treatment also could advance florescence, but not much marked effect than 8 hours. 8 hours daylength light treatment caused the contents of protein and soluble sugar and starch reduce in the blade, didn’t markedly effected the contents in the corms.If the intensities of illumination were too low the flower bud of Gladiolus would be abortive and could not go along differentiation further. It could be divided into two phases, the first stage from beginning of flower bud differentiation to there were 4 leaf period, this period the plant wasnot sensitive to the illumination; the second stage from 4 leaf period to having accomplished flower bud differentiation and the inflorescence carried on afterwards extended one, in this period the plant was very sensitive to the illumination. Low intensities effected markedly the physiological-biochemical index in the foliage much than in the corm, the content of protein and soluble sugar and starch was high at the high intensities of illumination, especially at the stage of inflorescence carried the content in high intensities obviously higher than in low intensities. The early variety of mature period could bear the effect of intensities of illumination at a low level relatively.Candidate: Huangjiaxin; Speciality: Pomology Supervisor: Dean Prof. Che daidi更多还原