【作者】 崔振才；

【导师】 沈能展；

【作者基本信息】 东北农业大学 ， 生态学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 大豆是需水量较多的作物。水分不仅影响大豆的植株形态、生理反应，而且影响产量的高低和品质的优劣。因此，水分是大豆生产中的重要因子之一。而黑龙江省发生春早的频率高达70％左右，是全国春旱发生频率最高的地区之一，夏旱也时有发生。并且水资源在我省的分布极不平衡。因此，发展节水灌溉，提高水分的利用效率是当前迫切需要解决的问题。本课题重点研究了大豆全生育期在不同水分处理下的耗水规律及其生长、生理指标的反应，并探讨不同生育阶段控水处理对产量及品质的效应，为大豆高产、优质生产管理提供科学依据。 本试验选用两个大豆品种：高油的东农163和高蛋白的东农42，采用二次正交旋转设计方法，把大豆全生育期划分为四个阶段即：出苗—分枝期、分枝—开花期、开花—鼓粒期、鼓粒—成熟期，进行四个阶段五个水平的水分处理，并动态监测了全生育期大豆对水分的各种生物反应，获得了大豆耗水规律及其与产量和品质间的关系。 本研究得出的主要结论有： 1 大豆不同生育阶段进行不同水分处理的株高、植株叶面积、干物重、根冠比、叶绿素含量、植株光合速率等都随水分变化具有一定的规律性。除了根冠比外都是随着水分的增加上述指标相应增大；植株受旱时根冠比表现为随着受旱程度的加剧而加大。试验结果可以为研究大豆干旱诊断指标提供重要的参考。 2 通过对产量的正交旋转模型分析，得出两个大豆品种不同生育阶段水分对大豆产量的贡献率大小依次为开花—鼓粒期＞鼓粒—成熟期＞分枝—开花期＞出苗—分枝期。以上结果表明开花—鼓粒期降水量对两个大豆品种的产量影响最大，说明该阶段是大豆水分关键时期。通过模型的频数分析得出两个品种各生育期的最适宜降水量值，在水分适宜范围内，东农42和东农163的产量期望值可达到517g／m~2(5170kg／ha)和434g／m~2(4340kg／ha)以上。 3 通过对品质正交旋转模型的分析，得出两个大豆品种不同生育阶段水分对大豆品质指标的贡献率大小依次为鼓粒—成熟期＞开花—鼓粒期＞分枝—开花期＞出苗—分枝期。不同时期不同水分对品质的效应是不同的，而且不同生育阶段水分对大豆品质存在交互作用。本文利用不同处理的耗水量值和大豆主要品质指标，建立起大豆品质和耗水量的回归方程。 4 通过耗水量公式与同步称重法测得的数据相比较，两个方法计算结果的相关系数高达0.9997。得出大豆全生育期耗水量的值在240mm～540mm之间，出苗—分枝期耗水量所占比例最小，仅占全生育期的12％左右，耗水量最大的时期出现在开花—鼓粒期，耗水量占全生育期的42％左右，说明该阶段是大豆的水分关键期，此阶段缺水对大豆产量影响最大。更多还原

【Abstract】 Soybean is a kind of crops that needs large quantity of water. Water effects not only plant shape change of soybean, but also its physiology reaction, and then it will influence yield and quality. Serious water deficit can cut production, and content of protein and oil will come down. So water is one of the most important factors for soybean production. Drought in spring has a frequency of 70% in Heilongjiang Province, which is one of the districts that have the highest frequency of drought in spring in China. And drought in summer may occur occasionally. Water resource distribution is imbalance in Heilongjiang Province. Therefore, the problem of how to develop irritation method and how to enhance water-use efficiency needs to be solved currently. This topic focuses on the study of water depletion regulation with different quantity of water during soybean growth stages, and also focuses on the study of soybeans growth and physiology index reaction. At the same time, the article discusses effect of controlling water on yield and quality in different growth stages of soybean. All these will supply scientific basis for high yield and high quality soybean in production management.There are two kinds of soybean in this experiment: Dongnongl63 with high oil and Dongnong42 with high protein. With the method of quadric orthogonal crossing and rotating designing, first we divide soybean growth stages into four stages, that is : sprout-branch, branch-bloom, bloom-seed-filling, seed-filling-maturity; and then carry out five level treatment during four stages. Thus we can monitor soybeans reaction to water during its growth stages, and conclude water depletion regulation of soybean and its relationship with yield and quality. Chief conclusions:1 Soybean organism reactions with different water in different growth stage are : plant height, plant leaf area, dry substance weight, ratio of root and crown, chlorophyll content, rate of plant photosynthesis etc have a regular pattern with water variety. All these indexes except ratio of root and crown increase correspondingly with water increasing. Ratio of root and crown becomes larger with drought degree intense. This conclusion provides one major reference for soybean drought diagnosis index.2 By analyzing the quantity of soybean through the orthogonal crossing and rotating model, we draw a conclusion that water contribution rate of yield for both kinds of soybeanin different growth stages are as following: bloom-seed-filling > seed-filling-maturity > branch-bloom-sprout-branch. This makes it clear that bloom-seed-filling period precipitation affects yield greatly, and this period is a key water period for soybean. By the analysis of model frequency we have a conclusion that the most suitable precipitation for both kinds in different period, among water suitable range, yield except value is: Dongnong42over517g/m2 (5170kg/ha) , Dongnongl63 over434 g/m2 (4340kg/ha) .3 By analyzing the quality of soybean through the orthogonal cross and rotating model, we draw a conclusion that water contribution rate of quality for both kinds of soybean in different growth stages are as following: seed-filling-maturity > bloom-seed-filling > branch-bloom > sprout-branch. Different water effects quality distinctly during different growth stage, and water in different growth stage exists mutual effect to soybean quality. The article establishes the regression equation about the soybean quality and water depletion quantity by using statistics of water depletion quantity value and main quality index of soybean in different treatment.4 By statistics comparison from water depletion quantity formula and synchronous weight measuring method, correlation coefficient of two results is 0.9997. We calculate that water depletion quantity during soybean growth stages is about 240mm-540mm, in which sprout-branch period is 12%, which is the least; and bloom-seed-filling period is 42%, which is the highest. These show that bloom-seed-filling period is the key water period for soybean, and w更多还原