【作者】 姜振峰；

【导师】 杨庆凯；

【作者基本信息】 东北农业大学 ， 作物遗传育种， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 大豆蛋白质含量高，含硫氨基酸含量却较低，这限制了大豆蛋白质在人体中的吸收和利用，降低了大豆的营养价值。通过一定育种方法可以选育出11S球蛋白含量高或11S／7S含量高的品种或品系，使大豆贮藏蛋白质营养价值提高。本实验利用SDS-PAGE分析了国内外377份大豆种质资源和种植于黑龙江省、吉林省和辽宁省11个地点的5个大豆品种的贮藏蛋白亚基带型和含量，为选育优质大豆品种或品系提供理论依据。主要研究结果如下： 1．栽培大豆种子贮藏蛋白SDS-PAGE图谱带型基本相同，亚基有二十条以上，主要包括α＇、α、γ、β、A3、Acid、basic和A5，其分子量分别为77.45、66.72、60.44、47.60、40.71、35.96、20.88和13.97KDa。栽培大豆种子贮藏蛋白7S球蛋白的β亚基有双带类型：11S球蛋白的酸性亚基有6条带，碱性亚基有4条或多于4条谱带。本实验分析的国内外377份大豆种质资源中有1份β亚基双带种质和3份缺失Acid第一条带、basic第一条带和A5亚基的种质，这为研究大豆亚基变异提供了宝贵的材料。 2．大豆贮藏蛋白种质资源的不同亚基含量间和同一亚基不同品种间均有较大变异。经计算分析，大豆7S球蛋白中的α＇、α、γ、β和7S球蛋白总量平均数分别为6.58％、7.30％、4.66％、6.07％和29.86％，变化范围分别为6.75％、9.46％、7.85％、8.64％和19.15％，变异系数分别为20.91、20.54、28.74、22.92、12.88；大豆11S球蛋白中的A3、A5、酸性亚基、碱性亚基含量和11S球蛋白总量平均数为4.6％、2.36％、28.49％、21.97％和58.26％，变化范围分别为6.57％、5.96％、16.95％、22.52％和29.1％，变异系数分别为20.3、42.78、19.12、15.25和9.94。 3．7S球蛋白含量的地点、品种、年份、地点×品种互作和年份×品种互作间差异显著；11S球蛋白含量的地点、品种、年份和年份×品种互作间差异显著；11S和7S球蛋白含量呈极显著负相关关系；大豆球蛋白11S／7S的最大值和最小值分别为3.70和1.34，平均值为2.36。11S／7S值的品种、地点、年份以及年份×地点间差异显著，其它互作间差异不显著；11S／7S的地点间变异大于品种间变异，国外大豆品种间变异比国内大。表明选择出11S球蛋白含量高或11S／7S比值高的大豆品种或品系是可能的。 4．在黑龙江省5个地点，大豆贮藏蛋白的11S／7S值随着经度的增加呈增加的趋势。吉林省和辽宁省11S／7S的变化趋势不明显，但是变异幅度都较大。 5．普通栽培大豆、野生大豆、大粒大豆(＞22克)、小粒大豆(＜14克)、绿种皮大豆和褐色种皮大豆的SDS-PAGE图谱带型间没有明显差异。更多还原

【Abstract】 Soybean is abundant in protein but deficient in amino acids containing sulfur, which reduce the nutrition value of soybean storage protein and restrict the absorption and use of soybean storage protein inside human body. It is possible that variety of high 11S globulin or high 11S/7S can be bred by one or more breeding way. The experiment analyzed the differences of subunits type among varieties and analyzed the contents of subunits of soybean storage protein by SDS-PAGE. The experiment materials consist of both 377 varieties overseas and inland and 5 varieties cultivated 11 locations including Heilongjiang province, Jilin province and Liaoning province. The main research results are as follows:1. The band types of G. Max by SDS-PAGE are same approximately, each variety have 20 bands or more. The main subunits consists of a, a,r,b,A3, Acid, basic and A5,the molecule weight of these subunits is 77.45, 66.72, 60.44, 47.60, 40.71, 35.96, 20.88 and 13.97 KDa respectively. The p subunit of 7S globulin of G Max has double-band type; the acid and basic subunits have 6 and 4 or more bands. This experiment obtained 1 variety which contained double-band in P globulin and 3 varieties lacking one subunit of acid and one subunit of basic and A5 subunit.2. The contents of different subunits or the same subunit of different varieties vary greatly. The average contents of a, a,r,b, and total 7S globulin are 6.58%, 7.30%, 4.66%, 6.07% and 29.86% respectively, the range of those subunits are 6.75%, 9.46%, 7.85%, 8.64%, 19.15% respectively, and the variable efficient of those subunits are 20.91, 20.54, 28.74, 22.92,12.88 respectively; The average contents of A3, A5, acidic, basic and total US globulin are 4.6%, 2.36%, 28.49%, 21.97%, 58.26% respectively, the range of those subunits are 6.57 %, 5.96%, 16.95%, 22.52%, 29.1% respectively, and the variable efficient of those subunits are 20.3, 42.78, 19.12, 15.25,9.94 respectively.3. The variance of 7S globulin of locations and varieties and years and the interaction between location and varieties and interaction between variety and year is significant at 0.05 level respectively; The variance of US globulin of locations and varieties and years and interaction between variety and year is significant at 0.05 level respectively; Negative correlation significantly appears between US globulin and 7S globulin; The max and min value of 11S/7S of globulin is 3.70 and 1.34 respectively, the average is 2.36. The variance of varieties and locations and years and the interaction between year and location of 11S/7S is significant, other interactions is not significant; The variation among locations is high than that among varieties in 11S/7S, and the variation of varieties of 11S/7S overseas is high than that inland. All these show that varieties of high 11S globulin or high 11S/7S can be bred.4. The 11S/7S value of 5 locations in Heilongjiang Province increase with the increase of longitude.5. The type of bands of SDS-PAGE image among G. Max and G soja and big seed soybean (>22g) and little seed soybean (< 14g)and green soybean and brown soybean is similar.Candidate: Jiang ZhenfengSpecialty: Crop Genetics and BreedingSupervisor: Prof. [Yang Qingkai]更多还原