东部产业集群对西部开发的若干影响研究

【作者】 刘艳；

【导师】 李健英；

【作者基本信息】 华南师范大学 ， 产业经济学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 美国哈佛大学的波特教授(Porter,1998)认为，一个国家或地区的竞争优势来源于优势产业，而优势产业的竞争优势来源于产业集群。我国的产业集群是在改革开放以后出现的，目前在沿海地区比较集中。产业集群的竞争优势明显，它能够给群内的企业带来外部规模经济，降低交易费用，加剧企业之间的有效竞争，刺激企业的创新和吸引新企业的进入等。可以说，是东部沿海地区经济增长和竞争优势的主要来源。但是，产业集群的强大竞争优势使西部落后地区的生产要素(人才、资金、资源等)大量东移，同时也使东部企业的发展产生路径依赖，东部的优势地位得到进一步加强。企业尤其是劳动密集型企业转向西部的成本大大增加，这就使得东部大量劳动密集型产业产生区域粘性，难以向西部地区扩散和转移。因此，东部的产业集群对目前流行的“梯度转移”理论提出了挑战，对于西部大开发和我国区域经济的协调发展会产生不利影响。目前，东西部地区不合理的区域分工会进一步加强，东西差距也会进一步扩大。这也表明，在纯市场机制作用下，根本不存在可以自动缩小地区差别的均衡机制。但是，加速西部开发，促进我国区域经济协调发展意义重大，势在必行。这种情况下，西部开发怎么办呢?本文认为，西部开发，市场机制和政府干预两种手段都应发挥作用。西部应该适当加强政府干预，制定行之有效的投融资战略和人才开发引进战略，也应该创造条件，积极促进本地产业集群的形成和发展，以增强区域内企业和产业的竞争力。当然，由于东西地区的资源禀赋和发展所处的市场环境等不同，西部产业集群的产业和产品、集群的形成机制等会具有自身的特色，会不同于东部。更多还原

【Abstract】 Industrial cluster is described as a lot of enterprises in the same industry or in close industries gather together in one special space. Michael Porter says, the competition advantage of a country or a region originates from preponderant industries, and the competition advantage of a preponderant industry originates from industrial cluster. Some years after china’s reform and explosion to the outer world, many industrial clusters appear in our country, especially in the coastal region of East China, such as Guangdong and Zhejiang provinces. According to many economist’s research, Industrial clusters help enterprises to get external scale economy, reduce transaction cost, and enhance the creativity ability of enterprises. In a word, industrial clusters have greatly improved the competition ability of enterprises in eastern region, and they have played a very important role in the development of the whole district. We can say, industrial cluster is the most important source of the competition advantage in East China. However, there is a saying that a coin has two faces. These industrial clusters in eastern region have unfavorable effects on the development of western region of our country. They make production resources of western district, such as labor, capital and natural resources, flow to eastern region. Because of the competition advantage of industrial clusters, it is difficult for enterprises in eastern area to transfer to western area. So the preponderant position of eastern region in china’s economical development is reinforced. The labor-intensive industries in eastern region won’t transfer to western district in large scale. So we can say, the fact of industrial clusters challenge the traditional theory of industrial transfer. These also indicate, that under pure market mechanism, the gap between eastern and western district in China can’t be lessened. However, as it is known to all, it is very important to accelerate the development of West China. It is crucial to the continual development of our country. So what should we do? In my opinion, apart from making full use of the advantage of market mechanism, the government should play a important part in the development of western region. We can also adopt the successful experience of other countries and regions, to encourage the development of industrial clusters in western region. But, because of different resources condition and market background, the industries and product of clusters in western district will differentiate from eastern region.更多还原