【作者】 高玉德；

【导师】 冯其明； 邱显扬；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 矿物加工工程， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 钽和铌具有熔点高，延性好，蒸气压低，耐蚀性强和热导率大等优良特性，是电子、原子能、宇宙航行、钢铁、化工等工业的重要原料。世界钽铌的需求基本保持稳步增长的势头。钽铌矿的选矿多以重选为主，其中细粒钽铌矿采用重选回收率非常低，影响了选矿厂的技术指标及经济效益。近年来，国内外许多学者在钽铌浮选药剂研究方面，进行了大量的工作，其中比较有效的捕收剂有脂肪酸类、胂酸类、膦酸类、羟肟酸类、阳离子型捕收剂。但由于药剂的成本及环保问题，至今还没有得到很好的应用。因此，开展细粒钽铌矿浮选工艺及药剂研究具有重要意义。 在总结国内外钽铌矿选矿技术基础上，进行单矿物可浮性研究试验。研究结果表明：在pH6.0-10.0范围内，苯甲羟肟酸对钽铌矿有较强的选择捕收能力；苯甲羟肟酸与辅助捕收剂WT₂组合使用，提高了分选指标，强化了药剂的适应性，降低了药剂消耗量和药剂费用，起到1+1＞2的协同效果。 结合国家“十五”科技攻关项目及湘宁钽铌矿合同项目，开展湘宁钽铌细泥浮选研究。当细粒钽铌矿浮选给矿品位Ta₂O₅ 0.029％，取得品位Ta₂O₅ 0.882％，回收率88.45％的浮选精矿；将浮选精矿用磁—浮—重方法进一步分离获得品位Ta₂O₅ 13.53％的钽铌钨精矿，相对浮选给矿回收率78.94％，大大超过“湘宁钽铌矿细泥浮选研究”及国家“十五”科技攻关项目合同指标。 最后，通过苯甲羟肟酸的溶液化学、苯甲羟肟酸紫外／可见光吸收光谱、苯甲羟肟酸—铌钽锰矿的红外光谱以及苯甲羟肟酸在铌钽锰矿表面的吸附量等研究手段探讨苯甲羟肟酸与铌钽锰矿的作用机理，并依据铌钽锰矿的晶体结构特点讨论铌钽锰矿浮选的活性中心，同时讨论苯甲羟肟酸结构与捕收性能的关系。苯甲羟肟酸的溶液化学研究结果表明，苯甲羟肟酸在最佳浮选pH 6.0～10.0范围内，发生离子和分子共吸附，促使苯甲羟肟酸在铌钽锰矿表面的吸附量达到最大；红外光谱测试结果表明，在pH 5～6条件下，苯甲羟肟酸首先与铌钽锰矿表面晶格的Mn²⁺螯合，形成五元环省合物；银钮锰矿中Mn—O的原子问距比Ta—O大，在浮选溶液中，银袒锰矿断裂面表层锰质点相对容易暴露出来与苯甲羟sh酸离子作用，因此认为un》离子是主要的浮选活性中心。更多还原

【Abstract】 Ta and Nb possess the superiorities of high melting point, good ductibility, low vapor tension, causticity-resistant and high thermal conductivity and so on. They are the important raw materials of electronic, atomic, space navigation, steel and chemical industry, etc. The demands of Ta and Nb are keeping increasing tendency with steady steps in the world. Gravity seperation is the most important process for columbite-tantalite ore disposal, but it is low recovery in the gravity seperation of columbite-tantalite and affects the technical index and economic benefit of concentrating plants. Recent years, the investigation of the columbite-tantalite flotation reagents has been greatly done by the mineral processing researchers in the domestic and overseas. Thereinto, the fatty acids, arsonic acids, phosphonic acids, hydroximic acids, cation collectors are the efficient collectors. However, as a result of high reagents expenses and environment pollution, they are not applied very well. Accordingly, it is important for investigation of the columbite-tantalite flotation technics and reagents.Based on the summary of the columbite-tantalite ore mineral processing technology in the domestic and overseas , the single minerals flotation and the choice of the flotation reagents have been done. The results indicats that benzylhydroximic acid has high collected ability for columbite-tantalite at pH6.0~10.0 . By means of benzylhydroximic acid plus WT2 compound collector, it make the technical index and flotation reagents adaptability high and the flotation reagents expense low, also bring the coopration function of 1+1>2.Combining the nation "ten five" technology project and Xiangning project, the investigation of the Xianning columbite-tantalite has been made. When the feed contains 0.029% Ta2O5, flotation concentrate of Ta2O5 is 0.882% and the recovery is 88.45%. In virtue of magnetic-flotation-gravity, the flotation concentrate can be separated to obtainTa-Nb-W concentrate containing 13.53% Ta2O5, and a recovery of 78.94% relativeflotation feed, this result surpasses greatly the demand of "the investigation of the flotation flowsheet and reagents of fine columbite-tantalite ore in Xiangning" and the nation "ten five" technology project.Lastly, by means of the dissolve chemistry of benzylhydroximic acid, UV spectrophotometer, IR spectrophotometer, X-ray diffractometer and adsorption capacity, it is deeply investigated the action mechanism between benzylhydroximic acid and columbite-tantalite. According to the crystal structure characteristic of columbite-tantalite, we discuss what the active center of columbite-tantalite is and the relation between benzylhydroximic acid molecular structure and its collected ability . The results of the dissolve chemistry of benzylhydroximic acid indicate that benzylhydroximic acid ion and molecule adsorb together on the minerals at pH 6.0-10 which reach the adsorption capacity maximum. The test results of the IR spectrophotometer indicating: at pH5~6, Mn2^ of the columbite-tantalite surface chelated with Benzylhydroximic acid to form five ring chelate matter. Becase the bond length Mn ?O is bigger than Ta桹, manganese ions on columbite-tantalite fractured surface expose easily to act with benzylhydroximic acid ion. so, Mn + is thought as primary flotation active center.更多还原