中国西部农村地区公众环境意识现状与环境教育

【作者】 王向东；

【导师】 袁孝亭；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 课程与教学论， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 本文认为，不论从眼前还是长远来看、不论对西部还是全国来说，在西部农村地区开展广泛的环境教育不仅十分必要，而且迫在眉睫。从当前看，城乡二元控制体系下农村环境问题日趋恶化，而西部农村公众环境意识水平偏低；从长远看，西部生态环境重建是一项长期而艰巨的任务，政策、资金、技术等措施固不可少，但必须看到，通过有效的环境教育引导人们的行为是首要的决定性因素。对于西部地区来说，生态环境恶化的趋势尚未有根本改观，亟需通过环境教育的手段引导公众树立生态文明意识，向人们传递保护环境的知识和技能，使人们在生活生产中最小限度地破坏环境和浪费资源；对于全国来说，西部地处上风上水，是我国重要的生态屏障，西部生态重建对全国生态环境的改善也具有重大意义。 本文认为，环境意识是一个多层次、全方位、立体式的总和概念，是衡量环境教育发展水平的主要标尺，它由环境保护知识、环境保护理解水平、环境保护态度和环境保护预期行为四个部分组成。同时，本文对20世纪90年代以来的国内环境意识调查进行了比较研究，认为问卷调查取得了丰硕成果，同时在调查的连续性、方法的多样性等方面也存在一定缺陷。 本文在问卷统计分析的基础上，对西部农村地区不同目标人群的环境意识进行了较为详尽的评估。总体看来，公众的环境意识处于中级水平，多属于浅层环境意识。环境意识水平受地区、文化程度、民族、职业、性别、收入和年龄等样本个性因素的影响十分显著。此外，本文对环境意识各组成部分进行了相关分析，分析结果与以往调查结果有吻合也有差别。 本文认为，西部农村环境教育应该注重生态伦理渗透、大力开发与研制学校环境教育课程、加强社会环保宣传教育、突出不同目标人群和不同地区环境教育的差异、充分挖掘西部少数民族传统文化中的环保思想、加强环境教育示范基地建设，以突出环境教育的普及性、针对性和实效性。 本文在文献阅读和问卷调查的基础上，进行了比较深入的实证研究和比较研究，并运用相关分析、聚类分析等数学研究方法对问卷调查的相关信息进行处理。更多还原

【Abstract】 This article thinks, no matter at the moment or in the long run, no matter for west or the whole country, It is not merely very essential to launch extensive environmental education in the western rural area, and extremely urgent. From looking at present, the rural environmental question worsen day by day under the control with urban and rural areas two system, but the level of environmental consciouseness of western rural public is on the low side. In the long term, it is a long-term and arduous task that the western ecological environment is rebuilted. The measures, such as policy, fund, technology, etc. are careless and indispensable, but must realize that it is primary decisive factors to guide people’s behavior through the effective environmental education. To west area, the trend of ecology environment deterioration has not had basic change yet. It is essential to establish ecological civilization consciousness, transmit knowledge and technical ability of protecting the environment and minimize destroy of environment and the waste of resources in life through the means of environment education. To the whole country, the west region locates in source of water and wind. The rebuilding of western ecology has a great meaning to western, and to the improvement of the national ecological environment too.This article thinks, environmental consciouseness is a total concept of a multi-level, omni-directional, three-dimensional type. It is a main scale which weighs the development level of educational environment. It is composed of the knowledge of environmental protection, the understanding level of environmental protection, the attitude of environmental protection and expect behavior of environmental protection. In addition, this article relatively studies on the investigation of domestic environmental consciousness since 1990’s. The article thinks that questionnaire investigation acquires a great achievement, but there are certain defects in the continuity and the variety of investigationmethod, etc.This article carries on the comparatively exhaustive assessment to the of different goal crowds in the western rural area on the basis of statistical analysis of the questionnaire. In all, environmental consciousness of the public is in the intermediate level that belongs to the environmental consciousness of more simple layers. The influence on environmental consciousness is very remarkable, from individual character of the sample, such as area, schooling, nationality, job, sex, income and age, etc. In addition, this article carries on relevant to every part of awareness of environment, and the result of analysis and investigated in the past that there are inosculations and differences.This article thinks, to strengthen the popularization, pertinence and substantial results, the environmental education should pay attention to permeation of ecological ethics, develop the environment educational course of the school energetically, strengthen propagating education of social environmental protection, stress the differences of different goal crowds and different region, fully excavate the thought of environmental protection in the traditional culture of western ethnic minority, strengthen the construction of demonstration base of environmental education.This article carries on deeper positive research and relatively studied on the basis of the document’s reading and questionnaire investigation. The article deals with the relevant information of questionnaire investigation through the approach of mathematics research, such as relevant analysing, cluster’s analysis, etc.更多还原